本文選題：電子合同 + 主體　； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類社會(huì)進(jìn)入信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代,信息數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化給社會(huì)帶來(lái)了前所未有的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn),也逐漸改變著整個(gè)社會(huì)的運(yùn)行模式和行為方式。人們只要登陸互聯(lián)網(wǎng),就可以足不出戶的進(jìn)行一系列法律行為。電子商務(wù)就是信息時(shí)代產(chǎn)生的一種重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易形式。電子商務(wù)經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)期的發(fā)展后,現(xiàn)步入一種較為平靜的發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài),而且將繼續(xù)在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域蓬勃發(fā)展,并極大的改變整個(gè)社會(huì)的交易形式,同時(shí)也從多方面對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的民商法乃至整個(gè)法律體系形成巨大的沖擊與挑戰(zhàn)。很明顯,科技的發(fā)展在推動(dòng)著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí),也對(duì)法律起著一定的影響作用,在立法、司法與法學(xué)研究等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域均有體現(xiàn)。 相對(duì)于電子商務(wù)的蓬勃發(fā)展,其帶來(lái)的問題也是前所未有的,尤其在電子合同的主體問題上更甚,如：電子合同的主體身份確認(rèn)問題、電子合同的主體締約能力問題以及電子欺詐訂約問題等等。這些問題在目前各國(guó)現(xiàn)有的法規(guī)中未必能得到很好的解決。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的運(yùn)用固然為電子商務(wù)開創(chuàng)出新的領(lǐng)域,但是由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易有一套不同于傳統(tǒng)交易的規(guī)則,調(diào)整交易的法律制度也應(yīng)該反映網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易的要求和特點(diǎn),否則現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中許多紛繁復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題將無(wú)法得到法律的調(diào)整和規(guī)范。 電子合同與傳統(tǒng)合同相較畢竟有無(wú)紙化、電子化的特點(diǎn),本文立足于電子合同對(duì)傳統(tǒng)合同的挑戰(zhàn),基于電子合同獨(dú)有的特殊性,對(duì)于電子合同的主體的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了探討,從電子合同的基本理論出發(fā),從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了分析,最終落腳到電子合同主體所牽涉的問題對(duì)于電子合同的合同效力以及法律責(zé)任的承擔(dān)上,明確了電子合同訂立過(guò)程中主體的相關(guān)法律問題。 第一部分,是電子合同主體相關(guān)的第一個(gè)法律問題,即電子合同主體身份的確認(rèn)問題。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易中當(dāng)事人雙方并非面對(duì)面交易,所以當(dāng)事人主體身份確認(rèn)問題無(wú)疑是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)交易規(guī)則帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)中首當(dāng)其沖的。所以,如何確認(rèn)電子合同當(dāng)事人成了電子合同有效運(yùn)行過(guò)程中必須解決的問題。本文認(rèn)為電子合同主體的身份分為網(wǎng)絡(luò)身份與現(xiàn)實(shí)身份兩類,分別用電子簽名制度和電子認(rèn)證制度加以規(guī)制。電子簽名制度和電子認(rèn)證制度必須配套運(yùn)行,才能從當(dāng)事人的網(wǎng)絡(luò)身份推及到其現(xiàn)實(shí)身份,從而在糾紛發(fā)生后,及時(shí)找到現(xiàn)實(shí)中應(yīng)承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任的人。 第二部分,是電子合同主體相關(guān)的第二個(gè)法律問題,即電子合同中未成年人作為主體的締約問題。首先,著重從電子合同對(duì)傳統(tǒng)未成年人締約能力制度的沖擊以及未成年人電子合同的效力認(rèn)定進(jìn)行分析,探討了未成年人在電子合同領(lǐng)域的締約能力問題。其次,討論了電子合同中未成年人欺詐訂約的問題。將電子合同中的未成年人欺詐訂約分為了兩種情形,明確了此時(shí)未成年人電子欺詐訂約的合同效力問題。最后,從法律救濟(jì)原則、法律救濟(jì)措施、損害賠償三個(gè)方面入手探討了未成年人電子欺詐訂約的法律救濟(jì)問題。 第三部分,是電子合同主體相關(guān)的第三個(gè)法律問題,即電子代理人的問題。由于沒有人工直接介入的協(xié)商過(guò)程,電子代理人在合同訂立中的地位及其行為效力、責(zé)任歸屬等問題,都值得商榷。加之電子代理人制度涉及到電子合同主體締約的諸多問題,所以在本文的最后一部分進(jìn)行了探討。首先,明確了電子代理人的定義和性質(zhì),闡明了它與傳統(tǒng)代理人的本質(zhì)區(qū)別。其次,深入討論了電子代理人的法律地位和締約能力,由此確定了電子代理人訂立合同的有效性。最后,對(duì)通過(guò)電子代理人訂立的合同,其效力歸屬和責(zé)任承擔(dān)問題進(jìn)行了分析。
[Abstract]:With the human society entering the age of information network, information digitalization and networking have brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to society, and it has gradually changed the mode of operation and behavior of the whole society. As long as people landed on the Internet, they could carry out a series of legal acts. Electronic commerce was the generation of the information age. An important form of economic trade. After a period of development, e-commerce has entered a relatively quiet state of development, and will continue to flourish in the economic field and greatly change the form of the whole society. At the same time, it also has a great impact on the traditional civil and commercial law and the whole legal system from many aspects. Challenges. It is obvious that the development of science and technology, while promoting economic development, also plays a certain impact on the law, which is reflected in many fields, such as legislation, judicial and legal research.
Relative to the flourishing development of e-commerce, its problems are unprecedented, especially in the subject of electronic contracts, such as the identification of the main identity of electronic contracts, the ability to contract the main body of electronic contracts and the engagement of electronic fraud, etc. these problems may not be possible in the current laws and regulations of various countries. The application of the Internet has created a new field of electronic commerce. However, because the network transaction has a set of rules different from the traditional transaction, the legal system of adjusting the transaction should also reflect the requirements and characteristics of the network transaction. Otherwise, many complicated network problems in real life will not be legal. Adjustment and specification.
After all, the electronic contract and the traditional contract, after all, have the characteristics of paperless and electronic. This article is based on the challenge of the electronic contract to the traditional contract. Based on the special particularity of the electronic contract, this paper discusses the related problems of the main body of the electronic contract, and analyzes the following aspects from the following aspects, starting with the basic theory of the electronic contract. The problems involved in the subject of electronic contract are related to the contract validity and legal responsibility of the electronic contract, and the relevant legal problems of the main body in the process of signing the electronic contract are clarified.
The first part is the first legal question related to the electronic contract subject, that is, the identification of the electronic contract subject identity. Because the parties in the network transaction are not face-to-face transactions, the problem of the identity of the parties is undoubtedly the first challenge to the traditional trade rules. The same party has become a problem that must be solved during the effective operation of the electronic contract. The identity of the main body of the electronic contract is divided into two categories: the network identity and the actual identity, and the electronic signature system and the electronic authentication system are regulated respectively. Identity is pushed to its real status, so that people who are legally liable should be found in time after the dispute happens.
The second part is the second legal issues related to the subject of electronic contract, that is, the minors in the electronic contract as the main body of the parties. First, it focuses on the analysis of the impact of the electronic contract on the traditional minors' ability system and the validity of the electronic contract of the minors, and discusses the minors in the field of electronic contracts. Secondly, the problem of the contract of juvenile fraud in the electronic contract is discussed. The contract of juvenile fraud in the electronic contract is divided into two cases, and the contract validity of the electronic fraud contract at this time is clarified. Finally, from the three aspects of the legal relief principle, the legal remedy measures and the damage compensation. This paper discusses the legal remedies for juvenile electronic fraud contract.
The third part is the third legal issues related to the subject of the electronic contract, that is, the problem of the electronic agent. Because of the negotiation process without the direct intervention, the status of the electronic agent in the contract formation, the effect and the responsibility of the electronic agent are all open to discussion. And the electronic agent system involves the contracting of the main body of electronic contract. The last part of this paper is discussed. First, the definition and nature of the electronic agent are clarified, and the essential difference between the electronic agent and the traditional agent is clarified. Secondly, the legal status and the contracting ability of the electronic agent are discussed, and the validity of the contract is determined by the electronic agent. The validity and responsibility of a contract made by an electronic agent are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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本文編號(hào)：1966932