本文選題：救助人 + 合同義務(wù)　； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：海難救助救助人是海難救助法律關(guān)系的參與者。在海難救助中,救助人負(fù)有對遇險對象進(jìn)行救助的基本義務(wù),享有獲得救助報酬的基本權(quán)利。不同海難救助類型下救助人的具體權(quán)利義務(wù)不同,救助人的主體認(rèn)定規(guī)則也存在區(qū)別。本文的目的是對海難救助救助人主體認(rèn)定規(guī)則進(jìn)行探討,包括救助人認(rèn)定的一般規(guī)則和不同類型救助下救助人認(rèn)定的具體規(guī)則。本文以救助人的主體認(rèn)定規(guī)則為核心,共分為四章。第一章為概述,對海難救助的類型和不同海難救助類型下的救助人進(jìn)行了分析并對救助人主體認(rèn)定規(guī)則進(jìn)行了討論。以《1989年救助公約》、英國法以及我國《海商法》為視角,對救助人認(rèn)定規(guī)則進(jìn)行概括,認(rèn)為救助人的認(rèn)定規(guī)則包括實(shí)施救助和自愿原則兩個標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但不同海難救助類型下救助人的認(rèn)定規(guī)則是有區(qū)別的。在純救助下,救助人只需要滿足實(shí)施救助標(biāo)準(zhǔn);在非純救助(包括基于合同義務(wù)和法定義務(wù)的救助)下救助人還需滿足自愿原則的標(biāo)準(zhǔn);第二章圍繞實(shí)施救助的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對純救助下救助人的認(rèn)定規(guī)則進(jìn)行了論述,認(rèn)為救助人包括親自參與救助的人及提供救助的船舶或其它財產(chǎn)的所有人或占有人;第三章圍繞自愿原則,對基于合同義務(wù)進(jìn)行救助的主體是否可以成為救助人以及成為救助人需滿足的條件進(jìn)行論述,分為合同救助情況下、負(fù)有拖帶義務(wù)或其他合同義務(wù)情況下救助人的認(rèn)定三種情況進(jìn)行討論。第四章則圍繞自愿原則對基于法定義務(wù)進(jìn)行救助的主體是否可以成為救助人以及成為救助人需要滿足的條件進(jìn)行了討論,分為引航員、國家主管機(jī)關(guān)和負(fù)有法定義務(wù)的船長實(shí)施的救助三種情形。隨著海上絲綢之路活動的開展,海難救助制度的作用將變得更加重要,針對救助人認(rèn)定規(guī)則在立法中的不明確及在實(shí)踐中的爭議應(yīng)盡快解決。本文認(rèn)為在明確救助人認(rèn)定的一般規(guī)則的同時,對不同類型救助下的救助人的認(rèn)定不應(yīng)一概而論,而應(yīng)該采取分類討論的方式加以完善。
[Abstract]:Salvor of salvage is a participant in the legal relationship of salvage. In the salvage of the sea, the rescuer bears the basic obligation to rescue the victims, and enjoys the basic right to receive the salvage reward. The specific rights and obligations of the rescuers under different salvage types are different. The purpose is to discuss the rules of the identification of the salvor for salvage and salvage, including the general rules of the salvor and the specific rules for the identification of the salvor under the different types of assistance. This article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a summary of the types of salvage and the rescue of different types of salvage. The help person has carried on the analysis and discussed the rule of the main body cognizance of the rescuer. Taking the <1989 salvage convention, the British law and the maritime law of our country as the angle of view, the author generalizes the rules of the cognizance of the salvor, and thinks that the rule of the salvor's cognizance includes two standards for the implementation of the salvage and voluntary principle, but the identification of the salvor under the different salvage types The rule is different. Under pure assistance, the rescuer only needs to meet the standard of implementing the rescue. The rescuer needs to meet the standard of voluntary principle in the non pure assistance (including the assistance based on the contract obligation and legal obligation). The second chapter discusses the rule of the salvor's cognizance under the standard of implementing the salvage, and thinks the rescuer is the salvor. It includes the persons involved in the salvage personally and the owner or possessor of the ship or other property that provides assistance; the third chapter, around the principle of voluntariness, discusses whether the subject of salvage based on the obligation of the contract can become a salvor and the condition that the rescuer needs to meet, and is divided into the circumstances of the contract assistance, with the duty of towing or other In the case of contractual obligation, the three cases of the salvation of the salvor are discussed. The fourth chapter discusses whether the subject of voluntary assistance based on the voluntary principle can be the salvor and the conditions that the rescuer needs to meet, which is divided into the pilot, the state authority and the rescue of the captain with the legal obligation. With the development of the activities of the maritime Silk Road, the role of the salvage system will become more important. In view of the uncertainty in the legislation and the dispute in practice, the rules of the salvor's identification should be resolved as soon as possible. This article believes that the recognition of the general rules of the salvor is to be recognized at the same time, the recognition of the rescuers under the different types of assistance. It should not be generalized, but should be improved by classified discussion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D922.294

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