本文選題：危險(xiǎn)貨物 + 托運(yùn)人　； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著化學(xué)工業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,國(guó)內(nèi)危險(xiǎn)貨物運(yùn)輸量也逐年增長(zhǎng),其中水路危險(xiǎn)貨物運(yùn)輸量最大,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)2008年進(jìn)港的危險(xiǎn)貨物達(dá)到近4.8億噸,出港的共計(jì)2.5億噸,占據(jù)水路運(yùn)輸?shù)?0%。隨著危險(xiǎn)貨物運(yùn)輸量的增長(zhǎng),運(yùn)輸事故也大幅度增長(zhǎng)。鑒于此,關(guān)于危險(xiǎn)貨物的特殊規(guī)則在海商法中占據(jù)著重要的地位。 海上危險(xiǎn)貨物運(yùn)輸事故時(shí)有發(fā)生,這固然與海上運(yùn)輸本身的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和貨物的危險(xiǎn)性質(zhì)有必然聯(lián)系,也不乏人為因素的影響。作為危險(xiǎn)貨物的托運(yùn)人,往往是貨物所有人或者與貨物所有人密切聯(lián)系的人,他處于有效避免災(zāi)難發(fā)生的有利地位,被賦予了更多特殊的義務(wù)和責(zé)任,這也是海商法的一個(gè)重要的特點(diǎn)。托運(yùn)人在海上危險(xiǎn)貨物運(yùn)輸中的責(zé)任成為熱點(diǎn)話題。 本文第一章探討危險(xiǎn)貨物的界定或認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這直接關(guān)系到托運(yùn)人是否承擔(dān)特殊的義務(wù)或受嚴(yán)格責(zé)任的制約。本章介紹了國(guó)際公約和各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法關(guān)于危險(xiǎn)貨物的技術(shù)規(guī)則或民事立法,通過(guò)借鑒國(guó)際公約和國(guó)內(nèi)法對(duì)危險(xiǎn)貨物的表述,提出了本文中危險(xiǎn)貨物的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 本文第二章討論了危險(xiǎn)貨物托運(yùn)人的特殊義務(wù)。對(duì)國(guó)際立法和各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法規(guī)定的危險(xiǎn)貨物托運(yùn)人義務(wù)進(jìn)行了比較,著重分析了托運(yùn)人的通知義務(wù),包括通知的主體、對(duì)象、方式、時(shí)間、內(nèi)容和通知義務(wù)的性質(zhì)。 本文第三章主要論述了托運(yùn)人責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則。闡述了海上危險(xiǎn)貨物托運(yùn)人承擔(dān)嚴(yán)格責(zé)任的理論依據(jù)和責(zé)任演變,解釋危險(xiǎn)貨物托運(yùn)人承擔(dān)嚴(yán)格責(zé)任的原因,分析了托運(yùn)人違反義務(wù)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的具體情形。 本文第四章結(jié)合承運(yùn)人在海上危險(xiǎn)貨物運(yùn)輸中的具體行為,分析了在哪些情況下托運(yùn)人可以不承擔(dān)或者部分承擔(dān)因危險(xiǎn)貨物造成的損失。若承運(yùn)人未履行法定義務(wù)或知情貨物的危險(xiǎn)性質(zhì),仍將危險(xiǎn)貨物載運(yùn),他將承擔(dān)因此造成的損失。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of chemical industry, the transport volume of dangerous goods in China has also increased year by year, of which the transport volume of dangerous goods of waterway is the largest. According to statistics, it is estimated that the dangerous goods that entered port in 2008 reached nearly 4.8 million tons, and a total of 2.5 tons in the port, which occupied the 20%. of the waterway transport as the transport volume of dangerous goods increased, and the traffic accidents also increased greatly. In view of this, special rules on dangerous goods occupy an important position in maritime law.
There is an accident in the transportation of dangerous goods at sea, which is certainly related to the risk of maritime transport itself and the dangerous nature of the goods, and no lack of influence. The shipper of dangerous goods is often the owner of the goods or the person closely associated with the owner of the goods. He is in a position to effectively avoid the disaster. It has been given more special duties and responsibilities, which is also an important feature of the maritime law. The liability of the shipper in the transportation of dangerous goods at sea has become a hot topic.
The first chapter of this article examines the definition or criteria for dangerous goods. This is directly related to whether the shipper has a special obligation or restricted by strict liability. This chapter introduces the technical rules or civil legislation of international conventions and domestic laws on dangerous goods, and the formulation of dangerous goods by reference to international conventions and domestic laws. The definition of dangerous goods in this article is defined.
The second chapter of this article discusses the special obligations of the shipper of dangerous goods. It compares the obligations of Dangerous Cargo shippers in international legislation and domestic law, and focuses on the duty of notification of the shipper, including the subject, object, mode, time, content and nature of the obligation of the shipper.
The third chapter mainly discusses the principle of the liability of the shipper, expounds the theoretical basis and the evolution of the liability for the shipper of dangerous goods at sea, explains the reasons for the strict liability of the shipper of dangerous goods, and analyzes the body situation of the shipper's liability for breach of duty.
The fourth chapter analyzes the carrier's concrete behavior in the transportation of dangerous goods at sea, and analyzes in which cases the shipper can not undertake or partly bear the loss caused by dangerous goods. If the carrier fails to perform the legal obligation or the dangerous nature of the goods, the carrier will carry the dangerous goods, and he will bear the loss caused by the dangerous goods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294

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本文編號(hào)：1926105