本文選題：租約 + 租約提單�。� 參考：《上海海運(yùn)學(xué)院》2002年碩士論文

【摘要】： 有關(guān)提單的法律及實(shí)務(wù)，是國(guó)際貿(mào)易與國(guó)際航運(yùn)中最重要的一部分。近年來(lái)，關(guān)于提單的各種問(wèn)題更是日趨復(fù)雜，很多問(wèn)題難以深入了解。特別是隨著短航次的增多和船舶速度的提高，，航次租約下的運(yùn)輸也隨之增多，有關(guān)航次租約的問(wèn)題也日益增多。其中存在較多爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題之一就是，租約提單中的并入條款。本文試圖就有關(guān)租約提單下的并入條款中的若干法律及實(shí)務(wù)方面的問(wèn)題展開(kāi)討論。 第一章主要闡述租約并入提單的主張人，主要是指船舶所有人及租船承運(yùn)人，以及被認(rèn)定為提單承運(yùn)人的光船租船人、定期租船人、航次租船人等；進(jìn)而闡述這些主張人為什么要將租約條款并入提單，租約并入提單后租約與租約提單之間是怎樣的關(guān)系等問(wèn)題。同時(shí)分析了租約下簽發(fā)的提單由不同人持有時(shí)具有的不同性質(zhì)，以及租約并入提單后兩者之間無(wú)法一致的幾種情況。 第二章首先闡明英美普通法中對(duì)租約提單中并入條款解釋的幾大原則：與合約標(biāo)的事項(xiàng)直接關(guān)聯(lián)的原則；“附屬性條款”需有效合并的原則；合并條款要尋求雙方訂約的意愿；合并主要是針對(duì)與貨物運(yùn)輸和貨物交付有關(guān)的內(nèi)容；合并的條款必須公平合理等原則。然后根據(jù)這些原則，具體闡述租約中容易產(chǎn)生糾紛的條款，如運(yùn)費(fèi)條款、虧艙費(fèi)條款、滯期費(fèi)條款、仲裁條款等條款能否并入提單，如何并入提單的問(wèn)題。在具體說(shuō)明的過(guò)程中，也闡述了我國(guó)海商法的規(guī)定及實(shí)務(wù)中的做法，并盡可能對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析，指出其中不完善之處，并試圖提出一些改進(jìn)的方法。其中將仲裁條款作為闡述的重點(diǎn)，因?yàn)橹俨脳l款本身是租約雙方在租約中約定解決雙方產(chǎn)生的糾紛的方式，因而仲裁條款能否并入提單，對(duì)解決承運(yùn)人與提單持有人之間產(chǎn)生的糾紛也有很重要的作用。 第三章結(jié)合英美普通法來(lái)說(shuō)明各國(guó)包括我國(guó)對(duì)租約提單中的并入條款的法律效力是予以承認(rèn)的。并具體分析了幾種特殊情況下對(duì)提單中并入條款效力的認(rèn)定，這幾種特殊情況是在轉(zhuǎn)租船的情況下；提單并入條款存在空白時(shí)；以及口頭租約并入時(shí)的租約提單并入條款的效力問(wèn)題。在前兩章中已涉及到對(duì)我國(guó)《海商法》第95條規(guī)定的分析，在這一章又作為單獨(dú)的問(wèn)題提出來(lái)試圖多做一些探討。 第四章探討租約并入提單存在較多爭(zhēng)議的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，分析了是什么原因?qū)е伦饧s條款并入提單時(shí)總是很混亂，很不規(guī)范?之后又分析了租約中一些看似不太 合理的條款（如無(wú)單放貨條款）能否以提單中的合并條款并入提單，結(jié)合英國(guó)判 例法的做法，針對(duì)我國(guó)的現(xiàn)狀，本人試圖提出一些膚淺的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The law and practice of bill of lading is the most important part of international trade and international shipping . In recent years , the problems of bill of lading are more and more complex , and many problems are difficult to understand . Especially with the increase of short voyage and the increase of ship speed , the problem of voyage charter is increasing . One of the more controversial issues is the incorporation clause in the charter bill of lading .









Chapter One mainly deals with the proposition that the lease is incorporated into the bill of lading , mainly referring to the owner of the ship and the carrier of the chartering , as well as the charterers , the regular charterers , the voyage charterers , etc . , who have been identified as the carrier of the bill of lading .
Furthermore , the author explains why the proposition is to incorporate the lease terms into the bill of lading , the relationship between the lease and the lease bill of lading after the lease is incorporated into the bill of lading . At the same time , the paper analyzes the different nature of the bill of lading issued under the lease from different persons , and several situations which cannot be agreed between the lease and the bill of lading .









In the second chapter , the principles of the interpretation of the clauses in the contract bill of lading are first set forth : the principle of direct association with the subject matter of the contract ;
The Principle of Effective Combination of the Articles of the Supplementary Attributes ;
The consolidation clause seeks the will of both parties ;
The merger is primarily directed to the delivery of goods and goods ;
Based on these principles , the article expounds the clauses of easy dispute in the lease , such as the terms of freight , the clauses of the allowance , the terms of the delay , the arbitration clause and so on , which can be incorporated into the bill of lading , how to merge the clauses of the bill of lading .









In the third chapter , it is recognized that the legal effect of the incorporation clause in the Bill of Lading is recognized by the common law of Anglo - American , and it analyzes the cognizance of the effect of the incorporation clause in the Bill of Lading under special circumstances .
Where a bill of lading is incorporated into the clause ;
In the first two chapters , the article deals with the analysis of Article 95 of the Law on Maritime Law of China . In the first two chapters , it has been put forward to try to do more in this chapter as a separate issue .









The fourth chapter discusses several problems in the dispute between the lease contract and the bill of lading , analyzes what causes the lease terms to be incorporated into the bill of lading , is always in confusion , is not standardized ?



















Can a reasonable provision ( such as a non - order release clause ) be incorporated into a bill of lading in the form of a bill of lading , in conjunction with the English sentence









In view of the present situation of our country , I try to put forward some superficial opinions .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海運(yùn)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 徐毓媛;提單仲裁條款效力研究[D];天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2010年

本文編號(hào)：1838563