本文選題：承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度 + 航海過失免責(zé)��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：海上承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度是國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸法的核心問題,其不僅關(guān)系著船貨雙方的利益平衡,更決定著國(guó)際航海運(yùn)輸法的基本特征與價(jià)值取向。國(guó)際海運(yùn)公約中的海上承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度一路行來(lái)歷經(jīng)變革,突出的問題集中在航海過失免責(zé)的存廢、承運(yùn)人歸責(zé)原則、舉證責(zé)任分配等問題,這些問題都是承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度變革過程中的重點(diǎn)及核心。為此,本文以“海上承運(yùn)人法律責(zé)任制度研究”為題,從海上承運(yùn)人法律責(zé)任制度內(nèi)容的變革及其深層次的內(nèi)在原因入手,重點(diǎn)針對(duì)航海過失免責(zé)的存廢及承運(yùn)人歸責(zé)原則及舉證責(zé)任分配的變革進(jìn)行了分析、評(píng)介,并且,在此基礎(chǔ)之上總結(jié)了我國(guó)《海商法》中相關(guān)海上承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的不足之處,并提出淺見——建議借鑒世界范圍內(nèi)的先進(jìn)立法,以完善我國(guó)海上承運(yùn)人歸責(zé)原則及舉證責(zé)任分配制度,并建議依據(jù)我國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情暫時(shí)保留航海過失免責(zé)制度。 具體而言,本文圍繞以上問題分為四部分進(jìn)行論述： 第一部分對(duì)海上承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度進(jìn)行概括敘述,首先對(duì)海上承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的內(nèi)涵和外延進(jìn)行了界定,接著探討了海上承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的起源和發(fā)展過程,以及其發(fā)展變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)原因,最后介紹了海上承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度最新發(fā)展變化情況；第二部分對(duì)海上承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度中重要的一環(huán)——航海過失免責(zé)制度進(jìn)行了評(píng)介,分析了航海過失免責(zé)制度的存廢之爭(zhēng)以及對(duì)承運(yùn)人責(zé)任的影響；第三部分對(duì)承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的核心問題—承運(yùn)人責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)下的歸責(zé)原則,主要是對(duì)“嚴(yán)格責(zé)任”、“不完全過錯(cuò)責(zé)任”和“完全過錯(cuò)責(zé)任”進(jìn)行了分析,同時(shí)對(duì)一般情況下的、除外風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的、火災(zāi)的、適航義務(wù)的和混合責(zé)任情形下的舉證責(zé)任分配問題進(jìn)行了分析和評(píng)介；第四部分首先對(duì)我國(guó)《海商法》承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的立法現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單介紹,最后對(duì)我國(guó)《海商法》未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了探討,著重分析了我國(guó)對(duì)航海過失免責(zé)的爭(zhēng)論及態(tài)度；我國(guó)承運(yùn)人歸責(zé)原則的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；我國(guó)對(duì)承運(yùn)人舉證責(zé)任的完善趨勢(shì)；最后探討了我國(guó)對(duì)承運(yùn)人免責(zé)事項(xiàng)的擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:The maritime carrier's responsibility system is the core issue of the international maritime transport law. It not only relates to the balance of the interests of the shippers, but also determines the basic characteristics and value orientation of the international maritime transport law. These issues are the key and core of the change of the carrier's responsibility system. This paper, based on the "study on the legal responsibility system of maritime carrier", begins with the reform of the legal responsibility system within the maritime carrier and its deep inner reasons. On the basis of the analysis and review of the existence and abolition of the exemption of maritime negligence, the principle of the liability for the carrier and the change of the burden of burden of proof, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of the maritime carrier's liability system in the maritime law of China and puts forward a brief view - advising the advanced legislation in the world in order to perfect the sea of our country. The liability principle of the carrier and the distribution system of the burden of proof are also proposed, and it is suggested that the nautical fault exemption system should be temporarily retained in accordance with China's actual conditions.
Specifically, this article is divided into four parts:
The first part is a general description of the liability system of maritime carrier. First, it defines the connotation and extension of the liability system of maritime carrier, then discusses the origin and development process of the liability system of maritime carrier, as well as the economic and social reasons for its development and changes, and then introduces the latest development of the liability system of maritime carrier. The second part reviews the marine carrier liability system, an important part of the maritime carrier's liability system, and analyzes the dispute on the existence and abolition of the nautical fault exemption system and the influence on the liability of the carrier; the third part is the core question of the carrier's responsibility system - the principle of liability under the carrier's responsibility. The main purpose is to analyze the "strict liability", "incomplete fault liability" and "complete fault liability", and to analyze and evaluate the distribution of the burden of proof under the general circumstances, the fire, the duty of seaworthiness and the mixed responsibility. The fourth part is first to the liability of the maritime law and the carrier in China. The present situation of the legislation of the system is briefly introduced. Finally, the development trend of the maritime law in China is discussed, and the dispute and attitude towards the exemption of maritime negligence from China, the trend of the development of the principle of the liability for the carrier in our country, the trend of the improvement of the carrier's burden of proof in our country, and the final discussion of the carrier in our country The widening trend of disclaimer.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294

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