本文選題：海事請求保全　切入點(diǎn)：對物訴訟　出處：《上海海運(yùn)學(xué)院》2001年碩士論文

【摘要】： 船舶扣押制度(Arrest of Ship)是解決海事爭議的重要程序，也是各國法院行使管轄權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)，一直都得到了國內(nèi)外航運(yùn)界、法律界的普遍重視。同其他法律一樣，對于海商法來說，權(quán)利若沒有有效的程序保證其實(shí)現(xiàn)，等于沒有權(quán)利。西方國家向來就注意到了船舶具有流動性的特點(diǎn)以及該特點(diǎn)所可能造成的債權(quán)人不能實(shí)現(xiàn)海事請求的危險性。所以他們積極地發(fā)展了一套適合于海事司法和國際航運(yùn)要求的判決前保全海事請求的程序。 但這一特殊的海事司法制度在我國從起源到發(fā)展，只經(jīng)歷了一段并不太長的歷史。1986年扣船規(guī)定的頒布實(shí)施，是我國扣船制度形成的重要標(biāo)志。1991年《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》增加了訴前財產(chǎn)保全的規(guī)定，對訴前扣船制度的最終確立具有重要意義。此后，最高人民法院1994年制定的“94年扣船規(guī)定”作為司法解釋對訴前扣押船舶做出了具體規(guī)范。1999年12月25日，全國人大常委會通過了《中華人民共和國海事訴訟特別程序法》(以下簡稱特別程序法)，使我國的船舶扣押制度從《民訴法》的財產(chǎn)保全制度中凸現(xiàn)出來，海事訴訟的特殊性繼《海商法》之后再次得到彰顯。 本文從世界各國及不同法系下對船舶扣押基本性質(zhì)的不同理解出發(fā)，力圖探尋具體的船舶扣押法律規(guī)定的理論根源，并由此對中國海事訴訟程序法中有關(guān)船舶扣押及相關(guān)海事?lián)５囊话阋?guī)定，，及船舶扣押實(shí)踐中我國國有船東面臨的風(fēng)險做出一定的分析，提出問題并就此進(jìn)行闡述。 本文共分四章。 第一章中筆者就不同法系下及我國法律對船舶扣押制度性質(zhì)的不同理解進(jìn)行了闡述和分析，試圖對物訴訟和海事請求保全作出一定的比較，并闡明了我國海事訴訟法下船舶扣押的法律性質(zhì)，中國堅持法律關(guān)系中的主體必須是人(自然人、法人)的原則，因此中國法學(xué)界一直將扣押船舶規(guī)范列為財產(chǎn)保全制度范疇。 第二章著眼于我國海事訴訟法有關(guān)船舶扣押的具體規(guī)定。海事訴訟法參照“1999年扣船公約”的規(guī)定采用的是封閉式的定義方式，其具體的海事請求項(xiàng)目也基本上 與“ 1999年扣船公約”的規(guī)定一致�？煽垩捍暗姆秶谴翱垩旱暮诵膬�(nèi)容�？� 押船舶的范圍包括對當(dāng)事船的扣押和對姐妹船的扣押。重復(fù)扣船是指基于同一海事 請求兩次或兩次以上扣押同一船舶，或者被申請人所有或光租的其他船舶。“活扣 押”，即采取限制船舶所有權(quán)或者法律規(guī)定的其他方式，限制了船舶所有人對船舶的 處分權(quán)以及獲得保險賠償?shù)臋?quán)利，但是保留了占有權(quán)或使用權(quán)，船舶所有人可以在 船舶被扣押期間繼續(xù)使用船舶。 第三章中筆者就海事訴訟法中其他相關(guān)海事?lián)５囊话阋?guī)定進(jìn)行了一定的闡述 和分析。海事訴訟法以“最高院94賣船規(guī)定”為基礎(chǔ)對拍賣船舶的條件做了較為 嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，還參照拍賣法的規(guī)定，對拍賣船舶的程序作了具體規(guī)定，體現(xiàn)了拍賣 船舶的公廠、公正，并使之規(guī)范化。海事訴訟法第一次以立法的形式對船載貨物的 扣押和拍賣作了專門規(guī)定。海事訴訟法在總結(jié)海事法院的審判經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒 了英聯(lián)邦國家的“瑪瑞瓦禁令”制度和大陸法系國家的假處分制度，設(shè)立了類似于 行為保全性質(zhì)的海事強(qiáng)制令制度。海事證據(jù)保全制度參照了英國的先進(jìn)制度，較民 事訴訟法有很大的突破。海事?lián)０êＪ抡埱蟊Ｈ�、海事�?qiáng)制令、海事證據(jù)擔(dān) 保等程序中所涉及的擔(dān)保。 第四章中筆者鑒于當(dāng)前南非等國家的有關(guān)法律規(guī)定在實(shí)踐中造成了我國國有船 舶被扣押風(fēng)險的加大，擬通過對南非法律及實(shí)踐中有關(guān)船舶扣押方面的有關(guān)規(guī)定及 發(fā)展，力圖找出其根基之所在，并試圖并就船東如何規(guī)避南非的特有扣船風(fēng)險提出 自己的意見，以期希望引起各位業(yè)界同仁和前輩對此問題的關(guān)注，椎動有關(guān)方面進(jìn) 行積極的努力，減少這種對于國有船舶的不合理扣押。
[Abstract]:The system of arrest of ships (Arrest of Ship) is an important procedure to resolve maritime disputes, jurisdiction and the courts, has obtained the domestic shipping, pay more attention to the legal profession. As with other legal rights to maritime law, if there is no effective procedure to ensure the equal, no right. The risk characteristics of the western countries came to the attention of the ship is liquidity and may cause the characteristics of the creditors cannot achieve a maritime claim. So they actively develop a set of suitable for the maritime jurisdiction and international shipping requirements before the judgment of the preservation of maritime claims procedures.
But this special maritime legal system in our country from the origin to the development, only experienced a period not too long history.1986 arrest of ship regulations promulgated, China is an important symbol of the formation of the system of arrest of ships in.1991 < People's Republic of China civil law > increased property preservation before litigation provisions, with the significance of the final establishment of pretrial arrest of ship system. Since then, the Supreme People's court in 1994 to develop the "94 years of ship arrest rules" as judicial interpretation made specific norms.1999 December 25th on pretrial detention of ships, the NPC Standing Committee passed the "special program of People's Republic of China maritime procedure law > (hereinafter referred to as the special procedure law). The arrest of ships in China emerged from the" Civil Procedure Law "system of property preservation system in special maritime procedure the following maritime law > < after highlighting once again.
In this paper, different understanding from the world and the arrest of ship under different legal systems the basic properties of the root theory tries to explore specific legal provisions of the arrest of ships, and thus the general provisions of the ship China Maritime Procedure Law in detention and relevant maritime security, and ship seizure risk in our state-owned Shipowners face in practice to make certain the analysis, put forward the question and elaborate.
This article is divided into four chapters.
In the first chapter, the author under different laws and China's laws on arrest of ships of different understanding of the nature of the system are described and analyzed, trying to make a comparison of the litigation and the preservation of maritime claims, and to clarify the legal nature of ship of China's Maritime Procedure Law under arrest, China adhere to the subject in legal relation should be people (natural person, legal person) principle, therefore Chinese law circles will be listed as a category of the arrest of the ship specification property preservation system.
The second chapter focuses on the specific provisions of China's maritime procedure law relating to ship seizure. The Maritime Procedure Law refers to the "closed 1999 Convention", which adopts the closed form of definition, and the specific maritime claim items are basically.
It is in accordance with the provisions of the 1999 Convention on buckle. The scope of the seizure of the ship is the core of the seizure of the ship.
The scope of the ship is included in the seizure of the ship and the seizure of the sister ship. The repeated buckle ship is based on the same maritime affair.
Request two times or two times more than the same ship seized by the applicant, or all other ships or light rent. "Slipknot
"Detain", that is, to restrict the ownership of the ship or other means of the law, which restricts the owner of the ship to the ship.
The right to sanction and the right to obtain insurance, but the possession or right of use is retained and the owner of the ship may be
The ship will continue to use the ship during the seizure.
In the third chapter, the author expounds the general provisions of other related maritime guarantees in maritime litigation law.
The maritime law is based on the conditions of the auction of ships on the basis of "the regulations of the 94 selling ships of the highest academy".
According to the strict regulations and the provisions of the auction law, the procedure of the auction of the ship is specified, which embodies the auction.
The public factory of a ship is fair and standardized. The law of Maritime Procedure for the first time is in the form of legislation.
Special provisions are made in detention and auction. On the basis of summing up the trial experience of the maritime court, the maritime litigation law is used for reference.
The Commonwealth "Mareva Injunction" system and the civil law countries disposition system, set up similar to
The system of maritime injunction for the nature of behavior preservation. The system of maritime evidence preservation refers to the advanced system of the United Kingdom and more people than the people.
There are great breakthroughs in procedural law. Maritime security includes maritime claim preservation, maritime injunction, maritime evidence
Guarantee involved in the procedure of insurance.
In the fourth chapter, in view of the relevant laws and regulations of the countries of South Africa and other countries, the state ship of China has been created in practice.
The increase in the risk of the ship's seizure is intended to pass the relevant provisions relating to the seizure of ships in the law and practice of South Africa.
Development, trying to find out its foundation, and trying to put forward the risk of how the shipowner evade South Africa's unique risk of buckle.
My own opinion, in order to hope to arouse the attention of colleagues and predecessors in the industry, and the related aspects of vertebral movement.
Make positive efforts to reduce the irrational seizure of state owned ships.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海運(yùn)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類號】：D996.19

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 高偉;建立以保全海事請求為目的的我國船舶扣押制度[J];中國海商法年刊;1995年00期

2 翁子明;論建立非財產(chǎn)性海事請求保全制度[J];中國海商法年刊;1995年00期

3 張鴻午;簡論對物訴訟[J];中國海商法年刊;1995年00期

本文編號：1712219