普通法合同相對(duì)性原則的發(fā)展及其對(duì)海上貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)挠绊?/H1>
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-27 16:43
本文選題：合同相對(duì)性 切入點(diǎn)：海上貨物運(yùn)輸 出處：《上海海事大學(xué)》2003年碩士論文
【摘要】：合同的相對(duì)性，最早起源于羅馬法中的“債的相對(duì)性”，指“債”只能對(duì)債權(quán)人和債務(wù)人產(chǎn)生拘束力。在英美法中，并不存在債的概念及體系，所以大陸法中的“債的相對(duì)性”規(guī)則在英美法中被稱為“合同的相對(duì)性”(privity of contract)。其基本內(nèi)容是：合同項(xiàng)下的權(quán)利義務(wù)只能賦予當(dāng)事人，合同只能對(duì)合同當(dāng)事人產(chǎn)生拘束力，非合同當(dāng)事人不能訴請(qǐng)強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行合同。自羅馬法以來，合同相對(duì)性或債的相對(duì)性原則一直為兩大法系所確認(rèn)，成為合同規(guī)則和制度的奠基石，，在債法或合同法中具有重要的地位。 然而，在海商法這樣一個(gè)特殊的法的領(lǐng)域，對(duì)合同相對(duì)性原則的嚴(yán)格遵守卻給商業(yè)實(shí)踐帶來了很多不便。例如：國際貨物運(yùn)輸中，訂約方是發(fā)貨人／賣方和船東，買方只是個(gè)第三者，無法以提單來起訴船東，船東也無法要求買方支付滯期費(fèi)；履行輔助人的第三者責(zé)任由于違反合同和侵權(quán)的不同訴因帶來完全不同的結(jié)果，使得其對(duì)自己行為的法律后果沒有穩(wěn)定而合理的預(yù)期；日益適用廣泛的海運(yùn)單不能引用目前已普遍適用的提單立法等等。 為了解決實(shí)務(wù)中的這些困難，各國逐步通過各別判例及立法手段來解決合同相對(duì)性帶來的困擾。本文以“合同相對(duì)性”為主要線索，以最為有代表性的英國法律發(fā)展為例，論述法律對(duì)于合同相對(duì)性問題態(tài)度的演變、立法的發(fā)展以及因此而對(duì)海上貨物運(yùn)輸實(shí)踐帶來的影響。主要通過比較分析的方法，從社會(huì)發(fā)展和商業(yè)實(shí)踐的角度來分析在海上貨物運(yùn)輸過程中對(duì)于合同相對(duì)性原則應(yīng)該持有態(tài)度和在實(shí)際案例中的應(yīng)用方法，并對(duì)受到合同相對(duì)性原則困擾的一些問題提出自己的見解和解決問題的辦法。 我國的海商法相對(duì)于國際立法出臺(tái)較晚(1993年開始實(shí)施)，吸收了當(dāng)時(shí)世界各國法律及相關(guān)國際條約的先進(jìn)內(nèi)容，通過立法避免了合同相對(duì)性帶來的部分困擾，但是依然存在很多問題。它山之石，可以攻玉。在對(duì)英國法相關(guān)內(nèi)容的介紹之后，希望能夠借鑒其法律的思想，在探尋案例背后的立法目的、明確法律想要的結(jié)果之后，結(jié)合我國的實(shí)際行業(yè)狀況及已有的法律體系，制定出適合我國的最能保障行業(yè)公平和效率、促進(jìn)行業(yè)良性發(fā)展的發(fā)展規(guī)范，并對(duì)我國立法提出相關(guān)建議。期望法律不是徒具語言，而是追求務(wù)實(shí)的目的，注意法律規(guī)范在適用過程中的效果，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)法律的價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The relativity of the contract , the earliest originated from the relativity of debt in Roman law , means that " debt " can only have binding force on creditor and debtor . In the Anglo - American law , there is no concept and system of debt , so the principle of " relativity of debt " in mainland law is called " privity of contract " in Anglo - American law . Since Roman law , the principle of relativity of contract or debt has been recognized as the cornerstone of the contract rules and system , which has an important position in debt law or contract law .
However , in the field of a special law such as maritime law , strict adherence to the principle of relativity of contract has brought a lot of inconvenience to the commercial practice . For example , in the international carriage of goods , the contracting party is the consignor / seller and the owner , the buyer is only a third party , the owner cannot be sued by the bill of lading , and the owner cannot request the buyer to pay the delay period .
The third party ' s duty to fulfill the third party ' s liability for breach of contract and tort has brought completely different results , so that the legal consequences of his actions are not stable and reasonable ;
The increasing application of a wide range of maritime bills cannot refer to the currently universally applicable bill of lading legislation and so on .
In order to solve these difficulties in practice , each country has gradually adopted various jurisprudence and legislative means to solve the problems caused by the relativity of contract . In this paper , based on the " relativity of contract " as the main clue , this paper discusses the evolution of the attitude towards the relative question of contract , the development of legislation and the influence on the practice of carriage of goods by sea .
After the introduction of the relevant contents of English law , the author hopes to draw lessons from the actual industry situation and the existing legal system of our country . After the introduction of the relevant contents of English law , it is hoped that the legislation aim of our country will be guaranteed , the development of the industry ' s benign development can be promoted , and the relevant suggestions are put forward in our country ' s legislation .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：D913
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條
1 尉帥;海上貨物運(yùn)輸法的適用范圍研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2006年
2 丁林陽;《合同法》間接代理制度與海運(yùn)代理業(yè)務(wù)[D];上海海事大學(xué);2006年
3 徐進(jìn);論“合同相對(duì)性原則”在海上貨物運(yùn)輸法律關(guān)系中的突破[D];大連海事大學(xué);2007年
4 施歌;批量合同法律問題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2010年
5 楊名;論《鹿特丹規(guī)則》下的批量合同及其對(duì)我國的影響[D];大連海事大學(xué);2013年
本文編號(hào)：1672353
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/falvlunwen/sflw/1672353.html
本文選題：合同相對(duì)性 切入點(diǎn)：海上貨物運(yùn)輸 出處：《上海海事大學(xué)》2003年碩士論文
【摘要】：合同的相對(duì)性，最早起源于羅馬法中的“債的相對(duì)性”，指“債”只能對(duì)債權(quán)人和債務(wù)人產(chǎn)生拘束力。在英美法中，并不存在債的概念及體系，所以大陸法中的“債的相對(duì)性”規(guī)則在英美法中被稱為“合同的相對(duì)性”(privity of contract)。其基本內(nèi)容是：合同項(xiàng)下的權(quán)利義務(wù)只能賦予當(dāng)事人，合同只能對(duì)合同當(dāng)事人產(chǎn)生拘束力，非合同當(dāng)事人不能訴請(qǐng)強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行合同。自羅馬法以來，合同相對(duì)性或債的相對(duì)性原則一直為兩大法系所確認(rèn)，成為合同規(guī)則和制度的奠基石，，在債法或合同法中具有重要的地位。 然而，在海商法這樣一個(gè)特殊的法的領(lǐng)域，對(duì)合同相對(duì)性原則的嚴(yán)格遵守卻給商業(yè)實(shí)踐帶來了很多不便。例如：國際貨物運(yùn)輸中，訂約方是發(fā)貨人／賣方和船東，買方只是個(gè)第三者，無法以提單來起訴船東，船東也無法要求買方支付滯期費(fèi)；履行輔助人的第三者責(zé)任由于違反合同和侵權(quán)的不同訴因帶來完全不同的結(jié)果，使得其對(duì)自己行為的法律后果沒有穩(wěn)定而合理的預(yù)期；日益適用廣泛的海運(yùn)單不能引用目前已普遍適用的提單立法等等。 為了解決實(shí)務(wù)中的這些困難，各國逐步通過各別判例及立法手段來解決合同相對(duì)性帶來的困擾。本文以“合同相對(duì)性”為主要線索，以最為有代表性的英國法律發(fā)展為例，論述法律對(duì)于合同相對(duì)性問題態(tài)度的演變、立法的發(fā)展以及因此而對(duì)海上貨物運(yùn)輸實(shí)踐帶來的影響。主要通過比較分析的方法，從社會(huì)發(fā)展和商業(yè)實(shí)踐的角度來分析在海上貨物運(yùn)輸過程中對(duì)于合同相對(duì)性原則應(yīng)該持有態(tài)度和在實(shí)際案例中的應(yīng)用方法，并對(duì)受到合同相對(duì)性原則困擾的一些問題提出自己的見解和解決問題的辦法。 我國的海商法相對(duì)于國際立法出臺(tái)較晚(1993年開始實(shí)施)，吸收了當(dāng)時(shí)世界各國法律及相關(guān)國際條約的先進(jìn)內(nèi)容，通過立法避免了合同相對(duì)性帶來的部分困擾，但是依然存在很多問題。它山之石，可以攻玉。在對(duì)英國法相關(guān)內(nèi)容的介紹之后，希望能夠借鑒其法律的思想，在探尋案例背后的立法目的、明確法律想要的結(jié)果之后，結(jié)合我國的實(shí)際行業(yè)狀況及已有的法律體系，制定出適合我國的最能保障行業(yè)公平和效率、促進(jìn)行業(yè)良性發(fā)展的發(fā)展規(guī)范，并對(duì)我國立法提出相關(guān)建議。期望法律不是徒具語言，而是追求務(wù)實(shí)的目的，注意法律規(guī)范在適用過程中的效果，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)法律的價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The relativity of the contract , the earliest originated from the relativity of debt in Roman law , means that " debt " can only have binding force on creditor and debtor . In the Anglo - American law , there is no concept and system of debt , so the principle of " relativity of debt " in mainland law is called " privity of contract " in Anglo - American law . Since Roman law , the principle of relativity of contract or debt has been recognized as the cornerstone of the contract rules and system , which has an important position in debt law or contract law .
However , in the field of a special law such as maritime law , strict adherence to the principle of relativity of contract has brought a lot of inconvenience to the commercial practice . For example , in the international carriage of goods , the contracting party is the consignor / seller and the owner , the buyer is only a third party , the owner cannot be sued by the bill of lading , and the owner cannot request the buyer to pay the delay period .
The third party ' s duty to fulfill the third party ' s liability for breach of contract and tort has brought completely different results , so that the legal consequences of his actions are not stable and reasonable ;
The increasing application of a wide range of maritime bills cannot refer to the currently universally applicable bill of lading legislation and so on .
In order to solve these difficulties in practice , each country has gradually adopted various jurisprudence and legislative means to solve the problems caused by the relativity of contract . In this paper , based on the " relativity of contract " as the main clue , this paper discusses the evolution of the attitude towards the relative question of contract , the development of legislation and the influence on the practice of carriage of goods by sea .
After the introduction of the relevant contents of English law , the author hopes to draw lessons from the actual industry situation and the existing legal system of our country . After the introduction of the relevant contents of English law , it is hoped that the legislation aim of our country will be guaranteed , the development of the industry ' s benign development can be promoted , and the relevant suggestions are put forward in our country ' s legislation .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：D913
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條
1 尉帥;海上貨物運(yùn)輸法的適用范圍研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2006年
2 丁林陽;《合同法》間接代理制度與海運(yùn)代理業(yè)務(wù)[D];上海海事大學(xué);2006年
3 徐進(jìn);論“合同相對(duì)性原則”在海上貨物運(yùn)輸法律關(guān)系中的突破[D];大連海事大學(xué);2007年
4 施歌;批量合同法律問題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2010年
5 楊名;論《鹿特丹規(guī)則》下的批量合同及其對(duì)我國的影響[D];大連海事大學(xué);2013年
本文編號(hào)：1672353
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/falvlunwen/sflw/1672353.html
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