發(fā)布時間：2018-03-22 08:00

  本文選題：近因原則　切入點：適用規(guī)則　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 近因原則作為保險法上的一項基本原則,其在保險理賠中的重要作用是不言而喻的。該原則始于海上保險,發(fā)展至今已適用于所有的保險業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域,成為了國際保險理賠中的慣例。本文以近因原則為研究對象,試圖對其加以系統(tǒng)地歸納、探究和分析。 所謂近因原則,是指保險人對以承保危險為近因的損失承擔(dān)賠付責(zé)任,對承保危險非近因所造成的損失不承擔(dān)賠付責(zé)任。與民法上因果關(guān)系不同,近因原則具有側(cè)重責(zé)任成立上的因果關(guān)系、探求近因惟一性等特征。對于促進(jìn)保險市場的成熟、保障保險業(yè)的健康發(fā)展,近因原則可謂功不可沒。在英美法系國家中,法官一般采用“常識標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”判斷近因,并且在多年審判實踐的基礎(chǔ)上,法官歸納出不同情形下近因原則的具體運用規(guī)則,使抽象的原則具體化。當(dāng)對近因的認(rèn)定產(chǎn)生分歧時,法院通常采用“證明責(zé)任轉(zhuǎn)移”規(guī)則使保險人承擔(dān)主要的證明責(zé)任�！氨壤蚬P(guān)系理論”、“分?jǐn)傇瓌t”、“合理諉因原則”是近因原則的新理念,這些新理念能解決傳統(tǒng)近因原則所帶來的弊端,較好地平衡保險各方當(dāng)事人之間的利益,實現(xiàn)最大程度的共贏。 我國新修訂的《保險法》和《海商法》均未規(guī)定近因原則,這非常不利于我國保險業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。對各國近因原則的立法和判例進(jìn)行梳理、分析、總結(jié),可以為我國保險領(lǐng)域確立近因原則提供借鑒。具體而言,我國的近因原則可以從以下幾個方面進(jìn)行明確:立法上明確規(guī)定近因原則;司法解釋中具體說明適用規(guī)則;認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上采用常識標(biāo)準(zhǔn);明確舉證責(zé)任;保險人保單中進(jìn)行適當(dāng)說明。
[Abstract]:As a basic principle in insurance law, the principle of proximate cause plays an important role in the settlement of insurance claims. This paper takes the principle of proximal cause as the object of study, and tries to systematically summarize, explore and analyze it. The so-called principle of proximate cause means that the insurer bears indemnity liability for losses due to the risk insured as a proximate cause, and does not bear the liability for losses caused by the non-proximate causes of underwriting risks. It is different from the causality in civil law. The principle of proximate cause has the characteristics of focusing on the causality of the establishment of responsibility and seeking the uniqueness of proximate cause. It can be said that the principle of proximate cause can not be ignored in promoting the maturity of the insurance market and ensuring the healthy development of the insurance industry. Judges generally use the "common sense standard" to judge the proximate cause, and on the basis of many years of trial practice, the judge induces the concrete application rules of the principle of proximate cause under different circumstances, which concretely makes the abstract principle concrete. The law of "transfer of burden of proof" is usually adopted by the court to make the insurer bear the primary burden of proof. "the theory of proportional causality", "the principle of allocation" and "the principle of reasonable prevarication" are the new concepts of the principle of proximate cause. These new ideas can solve the disadvantages brought by the traditional principle of proximal cause, balance the interests of the parties involved in insurance, and realize the maximum win-win situation. Neither the newly revised Insurance Law nor the Maritime Law provides for the principle of proximate cause, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the insurance industry in China. It can provide reference for establishing the principle of proximate cause in the field of insurance in our country. Specifically, the principle of proximate cause in our country can be clarified from the following aspects: the principle of proximate cause is clearly stipulated in legislation, the applicable rules are specified in the judicial interpretation; Common sense standard is adopted in determining standard; clear burden of proof; appropriate explanation in insurer's policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.284

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 湯媛媛;保險法近因原則研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 何桂萍;海上保險法近因原則研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：1647754