本文選題：責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)　切入點(diǎn)：歸責(zé)原則　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海上貨物運(yùn)輸承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任制度是海上貨物運(yùn)輸立法的核心，而其責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)更是核心中的核心，對(duì)于責(zé)任制度的內(nèi)容起著決定性的作用。從實(shí)質(zhì)上來講，，海上貨物運(yùn)輸承運(yùn)人對(duì)于貨物的毀損承擔(dān)的是一種民事責(zé)任，所以海運(yùn)立法所確立的責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)往往與民事責(zé)任歸責(zé)原則密不可分。本文第一章首先介紹了民事責(zé)任幾種主要的歸責(zé)原則(包括過錯(cuò)責(zé)任原則、無過錯(cuò)責(zé)任和嚴(yán)格責(zé)任原則)，并分析了其舉證責(zé)任的分擔(dān)和免責(zé)事由。 由于國(guó)際公約和各國(guó)法律在規(guī)定上的不一致，長(zhǎng)久以來關(guān)于承運(yùn)人責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)的問題存在著不少誤區(qū)和爭(zhēng)議。本文第二章詳細(xì)地分析了海運(yùn)立法所確立的責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)的歷史發(fā)展，從普通法的嚴(yán)格責(zé)任，到《哈特法》、《海牙規(guī)則》的不完全的過錯(cuò)責(zé)任，再到《漢堡規(guī)則》的完全過錯(cuò)責(zé)任，每一次立法的變化都是與時(shí)代的發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào)的。 從國(guó)內(nèi)法而言，海上貨物運(yùn)輸承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任制度影響了貨物運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在貨物利益方和運(yùn)輸利益方之間的分擔(dān)。上升到國(guó)際立法的角度，國(guó)際立法中承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的確立都代表了航運(yùn)國(guó)家和貨主國(guó)家之間在商業(yè)上的妥協(xié)。本文第三、四章對(duì)最新《運(yùn)輸法公約草案》下承運(yùn)人責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)有關(guān)法條進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)價(jià)，尤其是詳細(xì)闡述了其中有關(guān)承運(yùn)人航海過失和火災(zāi)免責(zé)、首要義務(wù)原則的變化，可能對(duì)承運(yùn)人責(zé)任的承擔(dān)帶來的影響。 我國(guó)《海商法》自頒布以來對(duì)于我國(guó)航運(yùn)和貿(mào)易的發(fā)展起到了推動(dòng)作用，但是隨著我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和國(guó)際航運(yùn)形勢(shì)的變化，對(duì)于我國(guó)《海商法》的修改已刻不容緩，而承運(yùn)人歸責(zé)原則的修改無疑是核心。本文第五章借鑒了國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸法的規(guī)定，特別是《運(yùn)輸法公約草案》的最新成果，提出了對(duì)我國(guó)《海商法》關(guān)于承運(yùn)人責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)中主要條文的立法修改建議，并闡述了進(jìn)行這種立法修改的合理性。
[Abstract]:The liability system of the carrier for the carriage of goods by sea is the core of the legislation on the carriage of goods by sea, and the basis of its liability is the core of the core, which plays a decisive role in the content of the liability system. The carrier in the carriage of goods by sea bears a civil liability for the damage of the goods, Therefore, the basis of liability established by maritime legislation is often closely related to the principle of civil liability. The first chapter of this paper introduces several main principles of liability (including the principle of fault liability). The principle of no-fault liability and strict liability is discussed, and the sharing of burden of proof and reasons of exemption are analyzed. Because of the inconsistency between the international conventions and the laws of various countries, there have been many misunderstandings and controversies on the basis of the carrier's liability for a long time. The second chapter of this paper analyzes in detail the historical development of the liability basis established by the maritime transport legislation. From the strict liability of the common law to the incomplete fault liability of the Hart Act and the Hague rules, to the complete fault liability of the Hamburg rules, every legislative change is in harmony with the development of the times. In terms of domestic law, the liability regime of carriers in the carriage of goods by sea affects the sharing of risks in the carriage of goods between the interests of the goods and the parties involved in the carriage of goods. The establishment of carrier liability system in international legislation represents the commercial compromise between shipping country and cargo owner country. In particular, the change of the principle of the carrier's nautical negligence and fire exemption, and the principle of the primary obligation, may have an impact on the carrier's liability. Since the promulgation of the Maritime Law of China, it has played an important role in promoting the development of shipping and trade in China. However, with the development of our economy and the change of international shipping situation, it is urgent to amend the Maritime Law of our country. The modification of carrier imputation principle is undoubtedly the core. The fifth chapter draws lessons from the provisions of the international carriage of goods law, especially the latest achievements of the draft Convention on Transport Law. This paper puts forward some legislative amendments to the main provisions of the carrier's liability in Maritime Law of China, and expounds the reasonableness of such legislative amendments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 陳丹輝;國(guó)際海運(yùn)承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度研究[D];西北大學(xué);2011年

2 石佩文;《鹿特丹規(guī)則》下承運(yùn)人責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)問題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2011年

3 楊雨露;國(guó)際海運(yùn)承運(yùn)人過失免責(zé)制度的探究[D];天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2011年

4 吳松海;論提單中承運(yùn)人的免責(zé)條款[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2010年

5 伍健鴻;《鹿特丹規(guī)則》下承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度研究[D];華東理工大學(xué);2012年

本文編號(hào)：1648239