本文選題：告知義務(wù)模式　切入點(diǎn)：海上保險(xiǎn)　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：告知義務(wù)是海上保險(xiǎn)法中的重要內(nèi)容之一。本文探討的告知義務(wù)模式包含告知義務(wù)是否履行、履行方式以及履行程度等含義。從某種程度上講,告知義務(wù)模式的選擇直接決定了告知義務(wù)下告知的方式及告知內(nèi)容的范圍。因此,告知義務(wù)模式選擇是告知義務(wù)的核心問(wèn)題。在理論上,告知義務(wù)模式包括主動(dòng)告知模式和詢(xún)問(wèn)告知模式。 主動(dòng)告知模式的內(nèi)涵包括以下三個(gè)方面：第一,告知的范圍和內(nèi)容由被保險(xiǎn)人選擇決定；第二,如果保險(xiǎn)人認(rèn)為有缺漏或者不足的地方,保險(xiǎn)人可以詢(xún)問(wèn)；第三,保險(xiǎn)人詢(xún)問(wèn)與否或者詢(xún)問(wèn)的內(nèi)容并不會(huì)免除或減少被保險(xiǎn)人因違反告知義務(wù)而產(chǎn)生的責(zé)任。詢(xún)問(wèn)告知模式的內(nèi)涵包括以下三個(gè)方面：第一,保險(xiǎn)人的詢(xún)問(wèn)是被保險(xiǎn)人履行告知義務(wù)的前提,保險(xiǎn)人可以決定告知的范圍和內(nèi)容；第二,被保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)保險(xiǎn)人的詢(xún)問(wèn)回答與告知有關(guān)的內(nèi)容；第三,應(yīng)當(dāng)確定適當(dāng)?shù)母嬷姆秶?我國(guó)《保險(xiǎn)法》規(guī)定的被保險(xiǎn)人如實(shí)告知義務(wù)采用的即為詢(xún)問(wèn)告知模式；而《海商法》規(guī)定的被保險(xiǎn)人的告知義務(wù)采用的是主動(dòng)告知模式。目前,我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)司法實(shí)踐在告知義務(wù)模式選擇上出現(xiàn)較多問(wèn)題；從國(guó)際范圍看,英國(guó)、澳大利亞、美國(guó)、法國(guó)、德國(guó)和歐盟等國(guó)家和地區(qū)的最新立法及理論探討也表明關(guān)于告知義務(wù)模式的選擇存在著從主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向詢(xún)問(wèn)的趨勢(shì)。本文從探討告知義務(wù)模式的價(jià)值選擇入手,分析我國(guó)目前適用的主動(dòng)告知模式與普通法天然的契合性及長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)我國(guó)的司法實(shí)踐中遇到的問(wèn)題,探索完善我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)告知義務(wù)模式的方式。 本文除摘要與引言外共有四部分組成。 第一章,“海上保險(xiǎn)告知義務(wù)及其模式概述”。從告知義務(wù)與最大誠(chéng)信原則關(guān)系入手,分析了告知義務(wù)在海上保險(xiǎn)中產(chǎn)生的歷史背景和發(fā)展軌跡。文章具體論述了海上保險(xiǎn)中告知義務(wù)的內(nèi)涵,區(qū)分了主動(dòng)告知與詢(xún)問(wèn)告知兩種不同的告知義務(wù)模式,從理論上分析了告知義務(wù)模式之于告知義務(wù)的重要意義。 第二章,“海上保險(xiǎn)告知義務(wù)模式的變革及其價(jià)值選擇”。從海上保險(xiǎn)法確立告知義務(wù)的價(jià)值的角度分析了海上保險(xiǎn)告知義務(wù)模式在立法選擇上的價(jià)值取向,明確告知義務(wù)模式選擇的核心意義在于通過(guò)法律的規(guī)定平衡告知義務(wù)人與保險(xiǎn)人之間的利益關(guān)系。 第三章,“海上保險(xiǎn)的告知義務(wù)模式”。本段主要總結(jié)分析了英國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)中主動(dòng)告知義務(wù)模式的具體內(nèi)涵,對(duì)普通法下“重要事實(shí)”的界定與具體判斷規(guī)則,以及主動(dòng)告知模式下告知范圍的確定做了詳細(xì)的論述。 第四章,“我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)法中告知義務(wù)模式的選擇”。總結(jié)我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)法律理論與實(shí)踐中針對(duì)告知義務(wù)模式出現(xiàn)的不同觀點(diǎn)與實(shí)踐案例。并在分析我國(guó)現(xiàn)有立法的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合第三章對(duì)英國(guó)主動(dòng)告知模式的分析,在結(jié)論部分對(duì)我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)中告知義務(wù)模式的選擇提出了合理化的建議,以適應(yīng)我國(guó)現(xiàn)代海上保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展的需求。
[Abstract]:This obligation is one of the important contents in marine insurance law. This article discusses the duty mode includes obligation is fulfilled, as well as the fulfillment of the meaning. To some extent, the obligation of informing mode selection directly determines the way to inform obligation and inform the content range. Therefore, the obligation of informing mode selection is the core problem of this obligation. In theory, the obligation of informing mode including inform mode and inquiry disclosure mode.
Take the initiative to inform the connotation of mode includes the following three aspects: first, the scope and content of informed choice decided by the insured; second, if the insurance people think that there is missing or insufficient, the insurer may ask the insurer; third, asked whether or not the content and asked to waive or reduce the insured due to violation of this obligation and the liability. Ask the content of the informed mode includes the following three aspects: first, the insurer is asking the insured premise to carry out the obligation to inform the insurer may decide to inform the scope and content; second, the insured shall according to the insurer and inform the relevant inquiry and answer content; third. Shall determine the appropriate notification scope.
Provisions of China Insurance Law > < insured by the duty of disclosure is the question this mode; and "maritime law > the provisions of the insured's duty of disclosure is used to take the initiative to inform the model. At present, the judicial practice of marine insurance in our country appeared many problems in the duty mode selection from the international scope; the United States, Britain, Australia, France, on the duty of disclosure, also shows that the choice of the mode of existence from the active steering asking the latest trends in legislation and the theory of Germany and the European Union and other countries and regions. This paper discusses the value choice of duty mode, analysis of China's current application of the initiative to inform mode and the common law of natural fit and problems encountered in the judicial practice of our country for a long time, explore and improve our marine insurance duty mode.
In this paper, there are four parts in addition to the summary and the introduction.
The first chapter, "the obligation of marine insurance and its mode overview". Starting from the relationship between informed obligation and the principle of utmost good faith, analyzes the historical background and development of the duty of disclosure in marine insurance. This article discusses the obligation to inform the connotation of marine insurance, the distinction between the active and informed the question this two different duty model, from the theoretical analysis of the obligation to inform the model significance to the duty of disclosure.
The second chapter, "choose" to change the obligation of marine insurance mode and its value from the marine insurance law established the obligation to inform the value of marine insurance obligation mode of value orientation in the legislation choice, the core meaning is clear duty mode selection in the provisions of the law of balance between the obligor and the insurer the relationship of interests.
The third chapter, the "duty" mode of marine insurance. The main section summarizes the analysis of the connotation of active duty mode in English marine insurance, and define the specific judgment rules of common law under the "fact", and take the initiative to inform the mode to inform the range of custom in detail.
The fourth chapter, the "duty mode in Chinese marine insurance law choice." summary of Chinese marine insurance legal theory and practice obligations for patterns in the different views and practices. Based on the analysis of China's current legislation on the analysis combined with the third chapter take the initiative to inform the model to the UK, in conclusion the paper puts forward reasonable suggestions on duty mode in China marine insurance options, in order to adapt to the development of modern marine insurance in our country.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.284;D922.294

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