侵權案件中原因力理論適用的探究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-27 22:14
【摘要】：隨著我國法治進程的不斷推進,越來越多的侵權糾紛以訴訟的形式進入公眾視野,侵權事實以更加復雜的形態(tài)呈現(xiàn),為司法實踐帶來諸多困擾。2001年、2003年最高人民法院相繼出臺的觸電人身損害賠償案件司法解釋、人身損害賠償案件司法解釋中均使用了原因力的概念,在此之前理論界也早已廣泛接受原因力一詞。原因力起源于因果關系理論,對于損害賠償范圍的確定和分擔損害具有重要價值,但不論是理論界、實務界抑或立法上,均未有對原因力概念的完整釋義,針對原因力的許多概念需要澄清,許多問題亟待討論,原因力理論如何發(fā)生發(fā)展?具體內涵是什么?主、客觀性質如何?如何把握原因力的具體判斷標準?有無大小或程度差異?在我國侵權法上適用的可行性和實踐路徑如何?這些問題既關系原因力本身的理論構建,也關系到能否改變司法實踐中具體操作規(guī)則不足、歸責困難的現(xiàn)狀。筆者擬在上述問題的基礎上,嘗試搭建原因力的初步理論框架,以期為司法實踐中侵權糾紛的公正處理提供些許參考。本文建立在實踐困惑的基礎上,探索原因力概念的理論淵源,以原因力概念的內涵、性質及判斷標準的初步框架性思考為切入點,分析原因力理論引入侵權法的可行性路徑。基于以上思路,本文共分為五個部分。第一部分結合所在地區(qū)法院近年來受理侵權類糾紛的情況及具體案例,總結實踐中處理該類糾紛現(xiàn)狀及遇到的一些問題,提出困惑及可能的解決方法,引出原因力。第二部分探討原因力的理論淵源,列舉原因力的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程,縱向分析哲學因果關系、法學因果關系的理論及其影響,橫向對比大陸法系、英美法系的不同因果關系學說,為原因力理論框架的初步搭建提供理論基礎和實用借鑒。第三部分初步搭建原因力的基本理論框架,從本質和學說的角度分析原因力的基本內涵,定義原因力。從服務司法實踐的思路出發(fā)探討原因力的主、客觀屬性,提出可行性方案。分析原因力有無及大小的判斷方法,為原因力的具體應用提供路徑。第四部分分析原因力在因果關系認定階段和損害賠償階段的作用,通過對傳統(tǒng)學說的局限性和原因力理論合理性的對比研析,探討引入原因力理論的可行性及客觀需要。第五部分具體分析原因力理論在重、難點侵權案件中的應用,分別列舉了數(shù)人侵權、與有過失、不可抗力、受害人特殊體質四種類型的侵權案件,介紹了原因力在各類案件中的適用方法。
[Abstract]:With the progress of the rule of law in our country, more and more tort disputes come into the public view in the form of litigation, and the fact of infringement is presented in a more complex form, which brings many troubles to judicial practice. In 2003, the Supreme people's Court successively issued the judicial interpretation of the case of compensation for personal injury caused by electric shock. The concept of force of cause has been used in the judicial interpretation of the case of compensation for personal injury. Before this, the term "force of cause" has been widely accepted in the theoretical circle. The force of cause originates from the theory of causation, which is of great value to the determination of the scope of compensation for damage and the sharing of damage. However, there is no complete explanation of the concept of force of cause in theory, practice or legislation. Many concepts of causative force need to be clarified and many problems need to be discussed. How does the theory of causative force develop? What is the specific connotation? What is the objective nature of the subject? How to grasp the specific judgment standard of cause force? Is there a difference in size or degree? What is the feasibility and practical path of the application of tort law in our country? These problems are not only related to the theoretical construction of the force of cause itself, but also related to whether or not to change the current situation of insufficient operation rules and difficult imputation of liability in judicial practice. On the basis of the above-mentioned problems, the author tries to set up a preliminary theoretical framework of the cause force in order to provide some references for the fair handling of tort disputes in judicial practice. Based on the perplexity of practice, this paper explores the theoretical origin of the concept of causative force, and analyzes the feasibility of introducing the theory of causative force into tort law by taking the connotation, nature and preliminary frame of judgment criteria as the starting point. Based on the above ideas, this paper is divided into five parts. In the first part, the author summarizes the present situation and some problems of dealing with the tort disputes in practice, and puts forward some perplexity and possible solutions, which leads to the power of the reasons, combined with the situation and specific cases of accepting the tort disputes in the district courts in recent years. The second part discusses the theoretical origin of causative force, enumerates the occurrence and development process of causal force, longitudinal analysis of philosophical causal relationship, legal causal relationship theory and its impact, horizontal comparison of the continental law system, Anglo-American law system of different causal theory, It provides the theoretical basis and practical reference for the preliminary construction of the theoretical framework of causative force. The third part sets up the basic theoretical frame of causative force, analyzes the basic connotation of causative force from the angle of essence and theory, and defines the causative force. Based on the thought of serving judicial practice, this paper discusses the subjective and objective attributes of the force of cause, and puts forward a feasible scheme. The method of judging whether or not cause force exists or not provides a path for the specific application of cause force. The fourth part analyzes the role of causative force in the stage of causation and compensation for damage. By comparing the limitation of traditional theory and the rationality of theory of causative force, the feasibility and objective need of introducing the theory of causative force are discussed. The fifth part analyzes the application of the theory of force of reason in the serious and difficult tort cases, enumerates four types of infringement cases of several people, including negligence, force majeure and special constitution of the victim, respectively. This paper introduces the applicable method of causative force in all kinds of cases.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923
本文編號：2467351
[Abstract]:With the progress of the rule of law in our country, more and more tort disputes come into the public view in the form of litigation, and the fact of infringement is presented in a more complex form, which brings many troubles to judicial practice. In 2003, the Supreme people's Court successively issued the judicial interpretation of the case of compensation for personal injury caused by electric shock. The concept of force of cause has been used in the judicial interpretation of the case of compensation for personal injury. Before this, the term "force of cause" has been widely accepted in the theoretical circle. The force of cause originates from the theory of causation, which is of great value to the determination of the scope of compensation for damage and the sharing of damage. However, there is no complete explanation of the concept of force of cause in theory, practice or legislation. Many concepts of causative force need to be clarified and many problems need to be discussed. How does the theory of causative force develop? What is the specific connotation? What is the objective nature of the subject? How to grasp the specific judgment standard of cause force? Is there a difference in size or degree? What is the feasibility and practical path of the application of tort law in our country? These problems are not only related to the theoretical construction of the force of cause itself, but also related to whether or not to change the current situation of insufficient operation rules and difficult imputation of liability in judicial practice. On the basis of the above-mentioned problems, the author tries to set up a preliminary theoretical framework of the cause force in order to provide some references for the fair handling of tort disputes in judicial practice. Based on the perplexity of practice, this paper explores the theoretical origin of the concept of causative force, and analyzes the feasibility of introducing the theory of causative force into tort law by taking the connotation, nature and preliminary frame of judgment criteria as the starting point. Based on the above ideas, this paper is divided into five parts. In the first part, the author summarizes the present situation and some problems of dealing with the tort disputes in practice, and puts forward some perplexity and possible solutions, which leads to the power of the reasons, combined with the situation and specific cases of accepting the tort disputes in the district courts in recent years. The second part discusses the theoretical origin of causative force, enumerates the occurrence and development process of causal force, longitudinal analysis of philosophical causal relationship, legal causal relationship theory and its impact, horizontal comparison of the continental law system, Anglo-American law system of different causal theory, It provides the theoretical basis and practical reference for the preliminary construction of the theoretical framework of causative force. The third part sets up the basic theoretical frame of causative force, analyzes the basic connotation of causative force from the angle of essence and theory, and defines the causative force. Based on the thought of serving judicial practice, this paper discusses the subjective and objective attributes of the force of cause, and puts forward a feasible scheme. The method of judging whether or not cause force exists or not provides a path for the specific application of cause force. The fourth part analyzes the role of causative force in the stage of causation and compensation for damage. By comparing the limitation of traditional theory and the rationality of theory of causative force, the feasibility and objective need of introducing the theory of causative force are discussed. The fifth part analyzes the application of the theory of force of reason in the serious and difficult tort cases, enumerates four types of infringement cases of several people, including negligence, force majeure and special constitution of the victim, respectively. This paper introduces the applicable method of causative force in all kinds of cases.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923
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