【摘要】：立遺囑是體現(xiàn)遺囑人意思自治的一種表現(xiàn),而遺囑執(zhí)行人在一份有效遺囑中所發(fā)揮的作用是至關(guān)重要的,他的行為即是承接遺囑人的遺愿而執(zhí)行遺囑,又是牽涉其他利害關(guān)系人的利益是否能夠得到有效執(zhí)行的保障。世界兩大法系的主要國家和地區(qū)已經(jīng)對(duì)遺囑執(zhí)行人制度進(jìn)行了較為完善的探索并進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的立法規(guī)定。然,遺憾的是,相比較兩大法系主要國家和地區(qū)的立法而言,我國《繼承法》中關(guān)于遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的規(guī)定則顯得相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)陋和過于原則化,僅第16條一條條文有涉及,在司法實(shí)踐中根本難以操作。不過,我國《繼承法》關(guān)于遺囑執(zhí)行人制度規(guī)定相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單也是有原因的,我國《繼承法》制定于計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代,當(dāng)時(shí)立法受到了“宜粗不宜細(xì)”的立法指導(dǎo)思想的影響,且當(dāng)時(shí)國民生活水平比較低下,公民財(cái)產(chǎn)形式也沒有現(xiàn)在那么多樣化,立遺囑的人也不多,遺囑執(zhí)行人制度在當(dāng)時(shí)也應(yīng)用的不多,在這些因素的影響下,誕生了我國現(xiàn)有的遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的規(guī)定。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,我國公民的收入不斷增多,財(cái)產(chǎn)的種類和數(shù)量已經(jīng)有了很大的變化,應(yīng)用遺囑的人也大大增加,我國遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的弊端在實(shí)踐生活中逐漸顯露出來,顯然其已經(jīng)無法滿足現(xiàn)當(dāng)代人民群眾的生活需求。遺囑執(zhí)行人制度調(diào)整能力的不足也引發(fā)了我國諸多專家和學(xué)者的注意,一場(chǎng)關(guān)于遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的改革之聲已經(jīng)在全國引起了廣泛關(guān)注。本文通過對(duì)遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的歷史淵源和兩大法系主要國家和地區(qū)的遺囑執(zhí)行人制度等方面進(jìn)行探討,并提出完善我國遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的一些建議。
[Abstract]:The making of a will is an expression of the will autonomy of the testator, and the role of the executor in an effective will is essential. His action is to carry out the will by accepting the will of the testator. It is also the guarantee that the interests of other stakeholders can be effectively implemented. The two major countries and regions of the world have made a relatively perfect exploration of the executor system and carried out the corresponding legislative provisions. However, unfortunately, compared with the legislation of the major countries and regions of the two major legal systems, the provisions on the executor system in the inheritance Law of our country appear to be relatively simple and too principled, and only article 16 is covered by article 16. It is difficult to operate in judicial practice. However, there are also reasons for the relatively simple stipulations of the executor system in the inheritance Law of our country. The inheritance Law of our country was formulated in the era of planned economy. At that time, the legislation was influenced by the legislative guiding ideology of "it should be coarse rather than thin". And at that time, the standard of living of the people was relatively low, the forms of citizens' property were not as diverse as they are now, there were not many people who made a will, and the executor system was not applied much at that time, under the influence of these factors, The birth of our country's existing testamentary executor system provisions. With the development of the times, the income of our citizens has been increasing, the types and quantities of property have changed greatly, and the number of people applying will has also increased greatly. The malpractice of the system of executors of will has been gradually revealed in the practical life of our country. Obviously, it has been unable to meet the needs of the modern and contemporary people. The insufficient adjustment ability of the executor system has also aroused the attention of many experts and scholars in our country. A voice about the reform of the executor system has attracted extensive attention in the whole country. This paper discusses the historical origin of the executor system and the executor system of the two major countries and regions, and puts forward some suggestions to improve the system of the executor of the testamentary person in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.5

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本文編號(hào)：2452331