【摘要】：不動(dòng)產(chǎn)與我國(guó)公民的生活息息相關(guān),是關(guān)系社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定的重要財(cái)產(chǎn)。在我國(guó)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的歸屬狀況和權(quán)利內(nèi)容要通過(guò)登記注冊(cè)的方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái),但基于主客觀方面的因素制約導(dǎo)致注冊(cè)的物權(quán)內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,此時(shí)真正權(quán)利人在不動(dòng)產(chǎn)上享有的物權(quán)利益有可能因此受到影響,不動(dòng)產(chǎn)異議登記制度便有了其存在的價(jià)值,該制度能夠?qū)φ鎸?shí)權(quán)利人在不動(dòng)產(chǎn)上的權(quán)益起到比較好的維護(hù)作用。因此其被各國(guó)所重視,我國(guó)物權(quán)法對(duì)其相關(guān)研究比較落后,直到2007年出臺(tái)的《物權(quán)法》才標(biāo)志著異議登記制度在我國(guó)的民事基本法中正式建立,但其規(guī)定并不具體,過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)略。于2015年3月1日起施行的《不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記暫行條例》表明不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記制度在我國(guó)有了更進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展,但本條例主要是為了建立不動(dòng)產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一登記制度,對(duì)異議登記并沒(méi)有詳細(xì)的規(guī)定,仍有許多需要完善的地方。本文主要運(yùn)用比較分析法、歷史分析法和文獻(xiàn)資料法,深入剖析了異議登記制度的內(nèi)涵及功能,并通過(guò)考察德國(guó)等國(guó)家關(guān)于該制度的規(guī)定,分析了我國(guó)立法在該制度方面存在的諸多問(wèn)題,并針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題提出了完善的相關(guān)建議。本文主要分為四個(gè)部分:第一部分對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)異議登記制度進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單地介紹,主要從其內(nèi)涵、功能以及與其他制度的比較三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了闡述。主要將異議登記與預(yù)告登記、更正登記進(jìn)行了區(qū)分,因?yàn)閷?shí)踐中容易將這三種登記混淆。對(duì)異議登記在打破登記公信力,維護(hù)真實(shí)權(quán)利人的利益以及協(xié)調(diào)真實(shí)權(quán)利人和第三人利益方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述。第二部分主要對(duì)德國(guó)等國(guó)家的異議登記制度進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的分析,分別對(duì)其產(chǎn)生原因、申請(qǐng)主體、法律效力等方面作了對(duì)比剖析,其中各國(guó)在提出異議登記的事項(xiàng)范圍、異議登記的產(chǎn)生原因以及其產(chǎn)生的法律效力方面看法各有不同,對(duì)此作了比較深入的分析,以便為我國(guó)異議登記制度的完善提供借鑒意義。第三部分分析了我國(guó)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)異議登記制度的立法現(xiàn)狀及其存在的缺陷,主要有申請(qǐng)主體的不具體、發(fā)生機(jī)制的不全面、登記效力以及登記不當(dāng)后責(zé)任承擔(dān)的不明確等問(wèn)題,以便在完善該制度時(shí)能夠做到對(duì)癥下藥。第四部分在第三部分分析了我國(guó)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)異議登記制度存在的問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)意見(jiàn)。筆者認(rèn)為在其申請(qǐng)主體上應(yīng)明確相關(guān)權(quán)利人的范圍,在適用范圍上應(yīng)僅限于與權(quán)利有關(guān)的事項(xiàng),發(fā)生機(jī)制方面為避免行政權(quán)對(duì)私權(quán)的過(guò)多干涉,因此不贊同登記機(jī)關(guān)依職權(quán)為異議登記。在效力問(wèn)題方面筆者認(rèn)為束縛住登記權(quán)利人對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的處分權(quán)這樣的做法是不合理的,在涂銷問(wèn)題方面,基于僅是程序上的操作問(wèn)題因此允許登記機(jī)關(guān)依職權(quán)涂銷。最后在因登記錯(cuò)誤產(chǎn)生的損害賠償責(zé)任問(wèn)題上,以賠償主體為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分別對(duì)申請(qǐng)人的賠償和登記機(jī)構(gòu)的賠償情況提出了完善的建議。
[Abstract]:Real estate is closely related to the life of our citizens and is an important property related to social harmony and stability. In our country, the attribution of immovable property and the content of the right should be displayed by the way of registration, but due to the restriction of subjective and objective factors, the content of the registered real right is wrong. At this time, the real right holder's real interest in real estate may be affected, and the registration system of real estate objection has its existence value. This system can play a better role in safeguarding the real rights and interests of the real rights and interests. Therefore, it has been attached importance to by many countries, and the property law of our country has lagged behind in its related research. Only in 2007 did it mark the formal establishment of the dissenting registration system in the civil basic law of our country, but its stipulations were not specific and too brief. The Provisional regulations on the Registration of immovable property, which came into effect on 1 March 2015, indicate that the registration system of immovable property has been further developed in our country, but these regulations are mainly aimed at establishing a unified registration system for immovable property, There are no detailed provisions for registration of objections, and there are still many areas that need to be improved. This article mainly uses the comparative analysis method, the historical analysis method and the literature material law, has deeply analyzed the objection registration system connotation and the function, and through the investigation Germany and other countries regarding this system stipulation, This paper analyzes on many problems existing in the legislation of our country, and puts forward some suggestions to solve these problems. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part briefly introduces the real estate objection registration system, mainly from three aspects of its connotation, function and comparison with other systems. The registration of objection is distinguished from the registration of notice and the registration of correction, because these three kinds of registration are easy to be confused in practice. The dissenting registration in breaking the public trust of registration, safeguarding the interests of real rights holders and coordinating the interests of real rights holders and third parties are described in detail. The second part makes a simple analysis of the objection registration system in Germany and other countries, and makes a comparative analysis of its causes, the subject of application, the legal effect, and so on, in which the scope of the items of objection registration is put forward by each country. The reasons of objection registration and the legal effect of objection registration are different. This paper makes a more in-depth analysis in order to provide reference for the perfection of objection registration system in our country. The third part analyzes the current legislative situation and defects of the real estate objection registration system in our country, mainly including the unspecific subject of the application, the incomplete mechanism of occurrence, the effectiveness of registration and the unclear responsibility after the improper registration, and so on. In order to improve the system in order to achieve the right medicine. In the fourth part, based on the analysis of the problems existing in the registration system of real estate objection in our country, some suggestions for improvement are put forward. The author thinks that the scope of the relevant right holder should be clearly defined in the subject of its application, and the scope of application should be limited to the matters related to the right. In the aspect of the occurrence mechanism, the administrative power should avoid excessive interference of the administrative power in the private right. As a result, the registration authority does not agree that the registration authority is dissenting registration. In the aspect of effectiveness, the author thinks that it is unreasonable to restrain the right to dispose of real estate by the right holder of registration. In the aspect of write-off, the registration authority is allowed to write off ex officio on the basis of procedural operation. Finally, on the issue of liability for damages caused by registration errors, based on the criterion of the main body of compensation, the author puts forward perfect suggestions on the compensation of the applicant and the compensation of the registration institution respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.2

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本文編號(hào)：2437661