無過錯輸血感染法律問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-03 10:19
【摘要】：近年來輸血導(dǎo)致感染乙肝、艾滋病等傳染病的情形不斷增多,由此所導(dǎo)致的訴訟案件也不斷增加。由于我國法律對血液這種特殊物質(zhì)的法律性質(zhì)沒有明確規(guī)定,對于輸血感染疾病導(dǎo)致患者損害,尤其是由于“窗口期”及“漏檢率”的存在,醫(yī)療機構(gòu)及血站在無過錯的情況下,導(dǎo)致的輸血感染案件的法律性質(zhì),歸責(zé)原則以及如何處理等法律沒有明確規(guī)定。由此造成在實踐當(dāng)中,因輸血受感染的患者將醫(yī)療機構(gòu)及血站告到法院。在此類案件中,由于醫(yī)療機構(gòu)及血站均沒有過錯,但患者又確實由于輸血而感染了疾病,如乙肝、艾滋病等疾病。當(dāng)前,各地法院大多采用公平責(zé)任原則,判決醫(yī)療機構(gòu)或血站對患者給予適當(dāng)賠償或補償。但由于缺乏一定參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn),各地補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一,使得一部分患者因輸血感染的疾病不能得到有效救治。同時,在此類案件中醫(yī)療機構(gòu)及血站互相推諉,都認(rèn)為自己沒有責(zé)任,使得此類案件處理更加困難。醫(yī)療機構(gòu)在臨床輸血當(dāng)中同樣承擔(dān)著巨額賠償風(fēng)險,醫(yī)患雙方均承受著巨大風(fēng)險,因此不利于患者利益的維護,也不利于醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的發(fā)展。本文通過對劉健輸血感染乙肝案件的分析,明確了血液的法律性質(zhì),輸血感染導(dǎo)致患者損害的醫(yī)療侵權(quán)案件的歸責(zé)原則,構(gòu)成要件。分析了當(dāng)前各地法院對輸血感染導(dǎo)致患者損害案件處理結(jié)果的各不相同的深層次原因。明確了對于無過錯輸血的認(rèn)定,無過錯輸血的法律性質(zhì)分析,醫(yī)療機構(gòu)及血站在無過錯輸血法律關(guān)系當(dāng)中的責(zé)任狀態(tài),以及國外對于此類事件的處理方式。分析了當(dāng)前我國對于無過錯輸血案件處理過程中所存在的問題。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了對于無過錯輸血案件法律制度的完善及無過錯輸血案件的非訴訟解決機制的建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, blood transfusion leads to an increasing number of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, AIDS and so on. Because the law of our country does not clearly stipulate the legal nature of this special substance, and the damage to patients caused by blood transfusion infection, especially due to the existence of "window period" and "missed detection rate", The legal nature, the principle of imputation and how to deal with the cases of blood transfusion infection caused by medical institutions and blood stations are not clearly defined under the condition of no fault. As a result, in practice, patients infected by blood transfusions bring medical institutions and blood stations to court. In such cases, there is no fault in medical institutions and blood stations, but patients are infected by blood transfusions, such as hepatitis B, AIDS and other diseases. At present, most of the courts around the world have adopted the principle of fair liability, adjudicating appropriate compensation or compensation to patients by medical institutions or blood centers. However, due to the lack of certain reference standards and different compensation standards, some patients can not be effectively treated because of blood transfusion infection. At the same time, in such cases, medical institutions and blood centers evade each other and feel that they have no responsibility, making it more difficult to handle such cases. Medical institutions also bear huge compensation risk in clinical transfusion, both doctors and patients bear huge risks, so it is not conducive to the maintenance of the interests of patients, but also to the development of medical and health undertakings. Based on the analysis of Liu Jian's case of blood transfusion infection with hepatitis B, this paper clarifies the legal nature of blood, the principle of imputation of medical tort cases caused by blood transfusion infection, and the constituent elements of medical tort cases caused by blood transfusion infection. This paper analyzes the different deep-seated causes of the patients' injury cases treated by transfusion infection in the courts around the world. The identification of no-fault blood transfusion, the analysis of the legal nature of no-fault blood transfusion, the liability status of medical institutions and blood stations in the legal relationship of no-fault blood transfusion, and the way of dealing with this kind of events abroad are made clear. The problems existing in the processing of no-fault transfusion cases in our country are analyzed. On this basis, the author puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the legal system of no-fault transfusion cases and the non-litigation settlement mechanism of no-fault blood transfusion cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923;D923.6
本文編號：2433608
[Abstract]:In recent years, blood transfusion leads to an increasing number of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, AIDS and so on. Because the law of our country does not clearly stipulate the legal nature of this special substance, and the damage to patients caused by blood transfusion infection, especially due to the existence of "window period" and "missed detection rate", The legal nature, the principle of imputation and how to deal with the cases of blood transfusion infection caused by medical institutions and blood stations are not clearly defined under the condition of no fault. As a result, in practice, patients infected by blood transfusions bring medical institutions and blood stations to court. In such cases, there is no fault in medical institutions and blood stations, but patients are infected by blood transfusions, such as hepatitis B, AIDS and other diseases. At present, most of the courts around the world have adopted the principle of fair liability, adjudicating appropriate compensation or compensation to patients by medical institutions or blood centers. However, due to the lack of certain reference standards and different compensation standards, some patients can not be effectively treated because of blood transfusion infection. At the same time, in such cases, medical institutions and blood centers evade each other and feel that they have no responsibility, making it more difficult to handle such cases. Medical institutions also bear huge compensation risk in clinical transfusion, both doctors and patients bear huge risks, so it is not conducive to the maintenance of the interests of patients, but also to the development of medical and health undertakings. Based on the analysis of Liu Jian's case of blood transfusion infection with hepatitis B, this paper clarifies the legal nature of blood, the principle of imputation of medical tort cases caused by blood transfusion infection, and the constituent elements of medical tort cases caused by blood transfusion infection. This paper analyzes the different deep-seated causes of the patients' injury cases treated by transfusion infection in the courts around the world. The identification of no-fault blood transfusion, the analysis of the legal nature of no-fault blood transfusion, the liability status of medical institutions and blood stations in the legal relationship of no-fault blood transfusion, and the way of dealing with this kind of events abroad are made clear. The problems existing in the processing of no-fault transfusion cases in our country are analyzed. On this basis, the author puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the legal system of no-fault transfusion cases and the non-litigation settlement mechanism of no-fault blood transfusion cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923;D923.6
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條
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，本文編號：2433608
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