消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)制度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-28 16:46
【摘要】：隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)商城中購(gòu)買商品已經(jīng)逐步成為新一代推崇的主流消費(fèi)方式之一。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易中，消費(fèi)者與經(jīng)營(yíng)者之間信息不對(duì)稱的情況更加突出，這種消費(fèi)方式在為消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)很多便利的同時(shí)，也帶來(lái)很多問(wèn)題。2014年3月15日起實(shí)施的《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》首次在法律中規(guī)定了遠(yuǎn)程購(gòu)物的消費(fèi)者享有后悔權(quán)，但立法并沒(méi)有一蹴而就解決所有問(wèn)題。對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)進(jìn)行研究、完善我國(guó)相關(guān)制度不僅可以使網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)更加規(guī)范，而且可以促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)營(yíng)者的良性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，節(jié)約社會(huì)成本。 本文在分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)的理論依據(jù)時(shí)，引入經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析方法，具有一定創(chuàng)新性。文章通過(guò)對(duì)消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)的產(chǎn)生過(guò)程以及發(fā)展過(guò)程進(jìn)行闡述，明確了網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物消費(fèi)者后悔權(quán)是消費(fèi)者通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)完成商品交易之后，依法在一定期限內(nèi)享有的單方面撤銷原合同、并將已購(gòu)買商品退還給經(jīng)營(yíng)者的權(quán)利，，且不用承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任，由此得出后悔權(quán)具有法定性、無(wú)因性、免責(zé)性、單方性等性質(zhì)。通過(guò)將后悔權(quán)制度和民法上其他相似的法定權(quán)利進(jìn)行區(qū)別，明確了消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)是消費(fèi)者基本權(quán)利的延伸，是經(jīng)濟(jì)法范疇的權(quán)利。在此基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、法學(xué)理論分析方法以及矛盾分析法，明確了網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)立法不僅在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論的角度和法學(xué)理論的角度都有充足的理論支撐，也有利于個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)效率和整體經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的實(shí)現(xiàn)、有利于消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)實(shí)質(zhì)公平的實(shí)現(xiàn)。同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)了消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)的行使也不能隨心所欲，也應(yīng)當(dāng)從適用商品范圍、行使期間、行使方式、消費(fèi)者責(zé)任承擔(dān)等方面對(duì)其加以限制。我國(guó)消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)的制度規(guī)定中存在商品適用范圍規(guī)定較為籠統(tǒng)、行使期限規(guī)定較為單一、行使方式不明確、責(zé)任承擔(dān)規(guī)定不詳細(xì)等漏洞。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題，借鑒德國(guó)、英國(guó)、美國(guó)及日本等國(guó)家消費(fèi)者后悔權(quán)的行使方式、行使期間、行使的法律后果與責(zé)任承擔(dān)以及權(quán)利濫用禁止等方面的制度經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為我國(guó)相關(guān)制度完善和網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物消費(fèi)者后悔權(quán)的運(yùn)用和落實(shí)提出了一系列具有可操作性的建議，包括：限定消費(fèi)者和經(jīng)營(yíng)者范圍，并將權(quán)利適用范圍擴(kuò)大到服務(wù)，以細(xì)化消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)的適用范圍；將法律規(guī)定的7天后悔期間定為工作日，并規(guī)定行使期限與經(jīng)營(yíng)者告知義務(wù)的履行情況相關(guān)，對(duì)沒(méi)有履行必要信息告知義務(wù)的，將行使期限延長(zhǎng)至14天，從而規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)的行使期限；明確消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)的行使方式為書面通知和直接退貨兩種方式；完善消費(fèi)者行使網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)的責(zé)任承擔(dān)，規(guī)定消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物后悔權(quán)的舉證責(zé)任由經(jīng)營(yíng)者承擔(dān)，同時(shí)允許經(jīng)營(yíng)者在面臨惡意行使后悔權(quán)時(shí)，也可以訴諸法律途徑；完善網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的經(jīng)營(yíng)者信用評(píng)價(jià)體系；加強(qiáng)實(shí)名制管理；完善網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的個(gè)人信用記錄等。
[Abstract]:With the development of market economy, buying goods in the network shopping mall has gradually become one of the mainstream consumption modes of the new generation. In the network transaction, the information asymmetry between the consumer and the operator is more prominent, this kind of consumption mode brings a lot of convenience to the consumer at the same time, The Consumer Rights and interests Protection Act, which came into effect on March 15, 2014, provides for the first time that consumers who shop remotely have the right to regret, but the legislation does not solve all problems overnight. The research on the right of repentance of online shopping and the perfection of the relevant system of our country can not only make the network consumption market more standardized, but also promote the benign competition of network operators and save the social cost. When analyzing the theoretical basis of the right of regret in online shopping, this paper introduces the method of economic analysis, which is innovative. By expounding the process and developing process of consumers' online shopping regret right, the article clarifies that the online shopping consumers' regret right is after the consumer completes the commodity transaction through the network. The unilateral rescission of the original contract in accordance with the law within a certain period of time, and the right to return the purchased goods to the operator, without any liability, leads to the conclusion that the right of regret has the nature of legality, non-causality, exemption, and unilateral nature. By differentiating the right of regret system from other similar legal rights in civil law, it is clear that the right of consumers' online shopping regret is the extension of consumers' basic rights and the right of economic law. On this basis, using economics, law theory analysis method and contradiction analysis method, it is clear that network shopping regret right legislation has sufficient theoretical support not only from the angle of economic theory but also from the angle of law theory. It is also conducive to the realization of individual economic efficiency and overall economic efficiency, and to the realization of substantial fairness in the consumer market. At the same time, it emphasizes that the exercise of consumers' right of online shopping regret can not be arbitrary, and should be restricted from the scope of applicable commodities, the period of exercise, the way of exercising, the responsibility of consumers and so on. In our country, there are some loopholes in the system of consumer's right of online shopping regret, such as the general provisions of the applicable scope of commodities, the single term of exercise, the unclear way of exercising, the lack of detailed provisions on responsibility assumption, and so on. In view of the above problems, the author draws lessons from the system experience of the exercise of the right of consumer regret in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan, the legal consequences and liability of the exercise during the exercise, and the prohibition of abuse of rights, etc. This paper puts forward a series of operable suggestions for the perfection of relevant system and the application and implementation of online shopping consumer's regret right, including: limiting the scope of consumer and operator, and extending the scope of application of right to service. In order to refine the scope of consumer online shopping regret rights; The period of 7 days of regret prescribed by law shall be set as a working day, and the period of exercise shall be related to the performance of the operator's obligation to inform, and if the obligation of notification of necessary information has not been fulfilled, the period of exercise shall be extended to 14 days, In order to regulate the exercise of the right of online shopping regret; It is clear that the exercise of consumers' right to regret shopping online is written notice and direct return. Perfecting the responsibility of consumers to exercise the right to regret online shopping, stipulating that the burden of proof of consumers' right to regret online shopping is borne by the operator, at the same time allowing the operators to resort to legal channels when they are faced with the malicious exercise of the right of regret; Improve the credit evaluation system of operators under the network environment; strengthen the management of real name system; perfect the personal credit records under the network environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.8
本文編號(hào)：2363567
[Abstract]:With the development of market economy, buying goods in the network shopping mall has gradually become one of the mainstream consumption modes of the new generation. In the network transaction, the information asymmetry between the consumer and the operator is more prominent, this kind of consumption mode brings a lot of convenience to the consumer at the same time, The Consumer Rights and interests Protection Act, which came into effect on March 15, 2014, provides for the first time that consumers who shop remotely have the right to regret, but the legislation does not solve all problems overnight. The research on the right of repentance of online shopping and the perfection of the relevant system of our country can not only make the network consumption market more standardized, but also promote the benign competition of network operators and save the social cost. When analyzing the theoretical basis of the right of regret in online shopping, this paper introduces the method of economic analysis, which is innovative. By expounding the process and developing process of consumers' online shopping regret right, the article clarifies that the online shopping consumers' regret right is after the consumer completes the commodity transaction through the network. The unilateral rescission of the original contract in accordance with the law within a certain period of time, and the right to return the purchased goods to the operator, without any liability, leads to the conclusion that the right of regret has the nature of legality, non-causality, exemption, and unilateral nature. By differentiating the right of regret system from other similar legal rights in civil law, it is clear that the right of consumers' online shopping regret is the extension of consumers' basic rights and the right of economic law. On this basis, using economics, law theory analysis method and contradiction analysis method, it is clear that network shopping regret right legislation has sufficient theoretical support not only from the angle of economic theory but also from the angle of law theory. It is also conducive to the realization of individual economic efficiency and overall economic efficiency, and to the realization of substantial fairness in the consumer market. At the same time, it emphasizes that the exercise of consumers' right of online shopping regret can not be arbitrary, and should be restricted from the scope of applicable commodities, the period of exercise, the way of exercising, the responsibility of consumers and so on. In our country, there are some loopholes in the system of consumer's right of online shopping regret, such as the general provisions of the applicable scope of commodities, the single term of exercise, the unclear way of exercising, the lack of detailed provisions on responsibility assumption, and so on. In view of the above problems, the author draws lessons from the system experience of the exercise of the right of consumer regret in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan, the legal consequences and liability of the exercise during the exercise, and the prohibition of abuse of rights, etc. This paper puts forward a series of operable suggestions for the perfection of relevant system and the application and implementation of online shopping consumer's regret right, including: limiting the scope of consumer and operator, and extending the scope of application of right to service. In order to refine the scope of consumer online shopping regret rights; The period of 7 days of regret prescribed by law shall be set as a working day, and the period of exercise shall be related to the performance of the operator's obligation to inform, and if the obligation of notification of necessary information has not been fulfilled, the period of exercise shall be extended to 14 days, In order to regulate the exercise of the right of online shopping regret; It is clear that the exercise of consumers' right to regret shopping online is written notice and direct return. Perfecting the responsibility of consumers to exercise the right to regret online shopping, stipulating that the burden of proof of consumers' right to regret online shopping is borne by the operator, at the same time allowing the operators to resort to legal channels when they are faced with the malicious exercise of the right of regret; Improve the credit evaluation system of operators under the network environment; strengthen the management of real name system; perfect the personal credit records under the network environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.8
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