發(fā)布時間：2018-11-24 07:20

【摘要】：本文的研究的對象主要是針對道路交通事故中的非機動車駕駛?cè)�、行�?意在得出在上述特殊受害人在道路交通事故中存在過失時,是否適用過失相抵原則以及如何適用的結(jié)論。正文的第一部分通過一則案例分析國內(nèi)法院在適用過失相抵原則審理道路交通事故損害賠償案件中的主要思路,從而引出該原則的構(gòu)成要件以及在適用時存在的主要問題,分析國內(nèi)相關(guān)學(xué)者關(guān)于過失相抵原則構(gòu)成要件的理論以及不同學(xué)者間的理論差異,再引出過失相抵能力,強調(diào)過失相抵能力對于受害人的重要意義,并為下文中未成年人及監(jiān)護人過失如何適用過失相抵原則作鋪墊。正文從第二部分開始重點分析研究國內(nèi)法院在適用過失相抵原則審理道路交通事故案件所采用的具體思路以及普遍存在的問題,具體從適用該原則的方法和范圍、未成年人保護以及責任認定的比例和方法等幾個方面著手,得出在關(guān)于受害人為非機動車駕駛?cè)恕⑿腥说牡缆方煌ㄊ鹿拾讣兴痉▽嵺`的諸多不合理做法。受害人為非機動車駕駛?cè)恕⑿腥藭r,法院很少考慮到機動車駕駛?cè)艘环降膬?yōu)勢者危險負擔義務(wù);受害人為未成年人時,法院又沒有考慮其是否具備相應(yīng)的過失相抵能力。同時,法院在對事故雙方的責任認定基本均以交警出具的《事故認定書》為依據(jù),本應(yīng)屬于法官之責任認定義務(wù)現(xiàn)為交警部門所取代,這種做法在當下或許還能以法律發(fā)展的滯后性為借口來應(yīng)對社會輿論的壓力,但在未來將是一個不可回避也是必須得到解決的問題。文章的最后是對全文的總結(jié),對過失相抵在國內(nèi)的適用現(xiàn)狀提出建議的同時也寄語筆者的展望。
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is mainly aimed at non-motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians in road traffic accidents. The purpose of this study is to draw the conclusion that the above special victims are at fault in road traffic accidents. Whether to apply the principle of fault offset and how to apply the conclusion. The first part of the text through a case analysis of domestic courts in the application of the principle of fault offset in the trial of road traffic accident damage compensation cases, leading to the main elements of the principle and the main problems in the application. This paper analyzes the theory of the constitutive elements of the principle of fault offset and the theoretical differences among different scholars, and then leads to the capacity of fault offset, and emphasizes the importance of fault offset capacity for the victims. And for the following minor and guardian fault how to apply the principle of fault offset. From the second part, the text focuses on the analysis and study of the concrete ideas adopted by domestic courts in applying the principle of fault offset in handling road traffic accident cases and the common problems, especially from the methods and scope of applying the principle. The protection of minors and the proportion and method of liability determination are discussed in this paper, and many unreasonable practices in the judicial practice in the cases of road traffic accidents in which the victims are non-motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians are obtained. When the victim is a non-motor vehicle driver, when pedestrian, the court seldom takes the advantage of the motor vehicle driver into account, and when the victim is a minor, the court does not consider whether the victim has the corresponding capacity of fault offset. At the same time, the court's determination of the responsibility of both sides of the accident is basically based on the accident cognizance letter issued by the traffic police, and the duty that should belong to the judge is now replaced by the traffic police department. This approach may still be able to deal with the pressure of public opinion under the pretext of lag in the development of law, but it will be an unavoidable and necessary problem in the future. The last part of the article is a summary of the full text, and puts forward some suggestions on the application of fault offset in China, and also sends the author's outlook.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

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2 黃麗云;機動車交通事故責任過失相抵制度研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：2352768