【摘要】：買賣標(biāo)的物是特定物,當(dāng)出現(xiàn)物的瑕疵時(shí),如果存在同等價(jià)值以及相同種類的替代物,交付替代物是恰當(dāng)?shù)脑俾男蟹绞�。買受人在"絕對(duì)成比例"和"相對(duì)成比例"的界限內(nèi),可以選擇讓出賣人交付替代物。在首次給付出現(xiàn)瑕疵時(shí),買受人第一性的救濟(jì)權(quán)利是要求出賣人排除瑕疵(修理)或者交付替代物,不是直接解除合同或者減少價(jià)款。買受人作出交付替代物的選擇后,不得將交付替代物任意變更為消除瑕疵。我國《合同法》沒有區(qū)別種類物和特定物交易,其第111條對(duì)違約責(zé)任方式進(jìn)行了一體規(guī)定,這種規(guī)定為理論和實(shí)踐中進(jìn)一步承認(rèn)特定物買賣出現(xiàn)瑕疵履行時(shí)可以適用交付替代物提供了可能的空間。然而,我國《合同法》的不足之處是沒有直接規(guī)定或者通過其他間接條款確定"再履行"(消除瑕疵或者交付替代物)的優(yōu)先地位,這是我國《合同法》修訂過程中應(yīng)當(dāng)予以考慮的,以保障合同法中"契約嚴(yán)守"原則和"繼續(xù)履行"原則的貫徹。另外,對(duì)特定物的瑕疵履行適用交付替代物受到比例原則的限制,鑒于比例原則需要考慮的因素很多,不可能在立法機(jī)關(guān)制定的法律中逐一規(guī)定,可以通過指導(dǎo)性案例確定不同情況時(shí)"合比例"的閾值。
[Abstract]:The subject matter of sale and purchase is a specific object. If there is an equal value and the same kind of substitute, the delivery of the substitute is the appropriate way of reperformance. Within the boundaries of absolute proportion and relative proportion, the buyer has the option of letting the seller deliver the substitute. In the case of defects in the first payment, the buyer's first right of relief is to require the seller to remove the defect (repair) or deliver the substitute, not to cancel the contract directly or to reduce the price. After the buyer has made the choice to deliver the substitute, the delivery substitute shall not be arbitrarily changed to eliminate defects. The contract Law of our country does not distinguish the kind and the specific thing transaction, its article 111 has carried on the unified stipulation to the breach of contract liability way, This provision provides a possible space for further recognition in theory and practice of the possibility of applying the delivery of a substitute in the event of defective performance in the transaction of a particular thing. However, the deficiency of the contract Law of China is that it does not provide directly or through other indirect clauses to determine the priority of "reperformance" (eliminating defects or delivering substitutes). This should be considered in the course of the revision of contract Law in China, in order to ensure the implementation of the principle of "strict adherence to contract" and the principle of "continuing performance" in contract law. In addition, the application of the principle of proportionality to the performance of defects in a particular object is limited by the principle of proportionality. In view of the many factors that need to be taken into account in the principle of proportionality, it is not possible to specify it on a case-by-case basis in laws enacted by the legislature. The threshold of proportionality in different cases can be determined by instructive cases.
【作者單位】： 濟(jì)南大學(xué)政法學(xué)院;
【基金】：中國法學(xué)會(huì)研究課題“民法典編纂背景下寬限期設(shè)置解約研究”[項(xiàng)目編號(hào):CLS(2016)D69] 山東省法學(xué)會(huì)2016年課題(D15)的部分研究成果
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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