【摘要】：近幾年來,隨著農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,農(nóng)民的可支配收入逐年提高,農(nóng)民手頭寬裕后,為改善自身的居住條件,紛紛拆除了舊有磚木結(jié)構(gòu)的房屋,建起了樓房,有條件的地方在自家宅基地上修建兩層以上房屋的也不在少數(shù)。農(nóng)村房屋面貌改善的背后是大量提供勞務者糾紛的頻發(fā),面對農(nóng)村建房中提供勞務者受害責任糾紛的司法現(xiàn)狀及問題,筆者作為一名法院工作者,針對審理該類糾紛中遇到的一些法律問題,對該類案件中所涉及的法律關系、歸責原則、法律適用進行了分析,以期對司法同仁們理清裁判思路提供借鑒。提供勞務者受害責任糾紛案件主要涉及三種法律關系:建設工程合同關系、一般承攬關系和雇傭關系。涉案當事人主要包括提供勞務者、雇主和房主。筆者通過對不同學說的分析,認為應按層高區(qū)分不同區(qū)分承攬合同關系與建設工程合同關系,并就如何區(qū)分承攬關系與雇傭關系提出了幾點參考因素。并區(qū)分不同情況對涉案當事人之間究竟屬于何種法律關系做了簡要的分析。對農(nóng)村建房中提供勞務者受害責任糾紛中各方的法律關系進行梳理后,本文進一步論述了提供勞務者發(fā)生損害,由誰承擔責任,對于各方當事人雇主、房主應承擔何種賠償責任的問題。對于雇主賠償責任而言,我國法律經(jīng)歷了從無過錯歸責原則到過錯歸責原則的轉(zhuǎn)變,根據(jù)《侵權(quán)責任法》的有關規(guī)定,分析了雇主賠償責任的構(gòu)成要件包括違法行為、損害后果、因果關系、主觀過錯,雇主的免責事由包括不可抗力、雇員的故意。對于房主賠償責任而言,司法實踐中主要有補償責任、選任過失責任、連帶責任三種不同的認識,本文針對不同法律規(guī)定的內(nèi)容及位階分析了其法律適用問題。提供勞務者受害責任糾紛案件中還有一類特殊的侵權(quán)情況,即第三人致提供勞務者受損害,這時出現(xiàn)了兩個賠償主體——雇主和侵權(quán)第三人,筆者從實體法和程序法的角度論述了將雇主與侵權(quán)第三人共同訴訟的可行性。并認為在提供勞務者對雇主和侵權(quán)人擇一訴訟后未得到實際賠償?shù)那闆r下另行起訴不違反“一事不再理”原則。并進一步討論了法院在審理過程中侵權(quán)人與雇主之間的責任分配問題。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the rural economy, the disposable income of the peasants has increased year by year. In order to improve their living conditions, the peasants have demolished the old brick structure houses and built the buildings. There are not a few places with conditions to build more than two-story houses on their homestead. Behind the improvement of rural housing is the frequent occurrence of disputes among the providers of labor services. In the face of the judicial status and problems of the disputes on the victimization responsibility of the providers of labor services in the construction of rural housing, the author is a court worker. In view of some legal problems encountered in the trial of this kind of disputes, this paper analyzes the legal relations, imputation principles and legal application involved in this kind of cases, in order to provide reference for judicial colleagues to clear up the thinking of adjudication. There are three kinds of legal relations involved in the dispute case of the victim liability of the provider of labor: the contract relation of construction project, the general contract relation and the employment relation. The parties involved mainly include labor providers, employers and homeowners. Based on the analysis of different theories, the author thinks that we should distinguish the relationship between contract of contract and contract of construction project according to the level of height, and puts forward some reference factors on how to distinguish the relationship between contract and employment. It also makes a brief analysis of what kind of legal relationship between the parties involved in the case. After combing the legal relationship between the parties in the dispute of the victimization liability of the providers of labor services in rural construction, this paper further discusses the damage caused by the providers of labor services, who shall bear the responsibility, and the employers of the parties concerned. The question of what liability the homeowner should bear. In terms of employer liability, the law of our country has experienced a change from the principle of no-fault imputation to the principle of fault imputation. According to the relevant provisions of Tort liability Law, this paper analyzes the constitutive requirements of employer's liability for compensation, including illegal acts. Causes of damage, causality, subjective fault, employer's exemption include force majeure, employee's intention. There are three kinds of different cognition in the judicial practice, such as compensation liability, fault liability, joint and several liability. This paper analyzes the application of the law according to the content and rank of different laws. There is also a special kind of tort in the dispute case of the victim liability of the provider of labor service, that is, the third person is injured to the provider of labor service. At this time, two subjects of compensation, the employer and the third person of tort, appear. The author discusses the feasibility of joint action between employer and tort third party from the angle of substantive law and procedural law. It is also considered that the principle of "non bis in idem" should not be violated if the provider of labor services chooses a suit against the employer and the infringer without actual compensation. It also discusses the distribution of liability between the infringer and the employer.
【學位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923

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