【摘要】：在世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織主持起草《保護(hù)廣播組織條約》的過程中,各國(guó)都同意對(duì)廣播組織權(quán)的保護(hù)應(yīng)當(dāng)采用"以信號(hào)為基礎(chǔ)的方法"。但各國(guó)立法并沒有真正體現(xiàn)這一方法,其中一些國(guó)家采取的"節(jié)目保護(hù)模式"將"廣播"規(guī)定為一類作品,保護(hù)的實(shí)際上是節(jié)目,這將導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的正當(dāng)性問題。另一些國(guó)家采取的"偽信號(hào)保護(hù)模式"名義上只保護(hù)載有節(jié)目的信號(hào),但由于為廣播組織規(guī)定了針對(duì)節(jié)目錄制品的專有權(quán)利且規(guī)定了至少20年的保護(hù)期,其真正保護(hù)的仍然是節(jié)目。創(chuàng)設(shè)廣播組織權(quán)的理由,在于防止分流廣播的聽眾或觀眾,從而損害作為節(jié)目傳播者而非節(jié)目創(chuàng)作者或制作者的廣播組織的利益。只有將載有節(jié)目的信號(hào)設(shè)定為保護(hù)客體,才能既保護(hù)廣播組織的利益,又不至于造成法律邏輯的混亂、權(quán)利歸屬與授權(quán)機(jī)制的錯(cuò)位和對(duì)公有領(lǐng)域的侵蝕�；谛盘�(hào)的流動(dòng)性,防止"信號(hào)盜竊"的途徑是為廣播組織規(guī)定"轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)",而非規(guī)定以信號(hào)中的節(jié)目為保護(hù)客體的復(fù)制權(quán)、發(fā)行權(quán)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播權(quán)等專有權(quán)利。由于"轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)"控制的是同步傳播信號(hào)的行為,對(duì)保護(hù)期的規(guī)定并無意義。
[Abstract]:In the process of drafting the Treaty on the Protection of Broadcasting Organization under the auspices of the World intellectual property Organization (WIPO), all countries agreed that the protection of the right to broadcasting organization should be based on a signal-based approach. However, the legislation of various countries does not really embody this method. In some countries, "program protection mode" stipulates "broadcasting" as a kind of work, and what is protected is actually a program, which will lead to serious legitimacy problems. In other countries, the "pseudo-signal protection model" nominally protects only signals containing programmes, but since broadcasting organizations are granted exclusive rights over programme recordings and have a protection period of at least 20 years, What it really protects is still the program. The reason for creating the right of broadcasting organization is to prevent the broadcasting listeners or viewers from diverting, thus harming the interests of broadcasting organizations as broadcasters rather than program creators or producers. Only if the signal contained in the program is set to protect the object, the interests of the broadcasting organization can be protected, and the confusion of the legal logic, the dislocation of the right attribution and authorization mechanism and the erosion of the public domain can be avoided. Based on the fluidity of signal, the way to prevent "signal theft" is to stipulate "broadcasting right" for broadcasting organization, but not to protect the exclusive rights such as reproduction right, distribution right and information network transmission right. Because the broadcast right controls the behavior of synchronous propagation signal, it has no meaning for the protection period.
【作者單位】： 華東政法大學(xué);
【基金】：國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金重大項(xiàng)目“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)重大立法問題研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào)14ZDC020)的階段性成果
【分類號(hào)】：D923.41;D997.1

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