【摘要】：2013年7月1日,新修訂的《老年人權(quán)益保護法》由十一屆全國人大常委會通過并正式施行。此次修訂設立了任意監(jiān)護制度,首次建立起我國的老年人監(jiān)護制度,可以說是我國監(jiān)護法律制度的一次重要突破。據(jù)有關(guān)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),從九十年代末開始中國人口老齡化比重超過十分之一,表明我國已經(jīng)進入老年型國家的行列。直至2011年末,我國超過60歲的老年人已近兩億,占比為13.7%。預計到2013年末,我國老年人口將增加四千多萬,將超過兩億。人口老齡化比重速增不再是個人和家庭的現(xiàn)實問題,其實已經(jīng)影響到了政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、社會的各個方面。如何積極地應對人口老齡化,已經(jīng)關(guān)系到了國計民生、社會秩序的穩(wěn)定。誠然,《老年人權(quán)益保障法》在保護老年人的合法權(quán)益上有著主要的作用。新《老年人權(quán)益保障法》的修訂更加增強了老年人自我保護的法律意識,同時更加注重更廣泛地提高老年人群體的日常生活質(zhì)量與幸福感。然而在監(jiān)護立法的角度看,我國老年人監(jiān)護制度自身還未形成完整的體系構(gòu)建,并且對于意定監(jiān)護制度的設立也僅是雛形初顯。無論是對于意定監(jiān)護還是老年人監(jiān)護,僅僅依據(jù)《老年人權(quán)益保障法》第26條作出的規(guī)定,現(xiàn)有的內(nèi)容都過于抽象概括,從而缺乏可操作性。因此,確有必要深入研究老年人意定監(jiān)護及其監(jiān)護制度中的不足與問題仍然,并對之進行完善。本文即從五個方面對我國老年人意定監(jiān)護制度的內(nèi)容展開分析,并根據(jù)我國目前的立法,重點評析我國老年人意定監(jiān)護制度存在的主要問題,通過現(xiàn)狀及其原因分析來論證該制度完善的必要性。隨之從與我國國情民情相近的角度選取日本和我國臺灣地區(qū)的相關(guān)立法改革,借鑒其中成熟的經(jīng)驗,探究完善我國老年人意定監(jiān)護制度的必要性和可行性,之后根據(jù)上文的分析提出具體的完善建議。本文的第一部分,引言主要闡明本文探究的核心問題,論述研究該主題的社會背景和法律意義。第二部分為概述部分,主要從老年人意定監(jiān)護制度的概念、特征,該制度的起源、發(fā)展進程,以及老年人意定監(jiān)護與相關(guān)概念的辨析等三個方面進行闡述。第三部分則著重分析現(xiàn)下我國的老年人監(jiān)護以及老年人意定監(jiān)護制度的現(xiàn)狀,重點總結(jié)出其中存在的不足、問題,繼而對我國老年人意定監(jiān)護制度有必要進一步完善的原因進行具體分析。第四部分則意在借鑒我國臺灣地區(qū)和日本兩地關(guān)于監(jiān)護立法的成熟經(jīng)驗,就其老年人監(jiān)護制度中的具體要點進行比較,并從中借鑒可取經(jīng)驗,以探討我國老年人意定監(jiān)護制度完善的可行路徑。本文第五部分為完善建議,主要圍繞我國老年人意定監(jiān)護的制度如何設計和怎樣運行進行具體分析,包括意定監(jiān)護當事人資格的完善,意定監(jiān)護合同的完善以及建立老年人監(jiān)護監(jiān)督制度三個方面,以期提出完善我國老年人意定監(jiān)護制度的可行建議。
[Abstract]:On July 1, 2013, the newly amended Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly was adopted by the standing Committee of the Eleventh National people's Congress and put into effect. This revision established the arbitrary guardianship system and established the guardianship system for the elderly for the first time, which can be said to be an important breakthrough in the legal system of guardianship in our country. According to the survey data, the proportion of population aging in China has exceeded 1/10 since the end of 1990s, which indicates that China has entered the ranks of aging countries. By the end of 2011, there were nearly 200 million people over 60 years old in China, accounting for 13.7%. By the end of 2013, China's elderly population is expected to increase by more than 40 million, more than 200 million. The rapid increase in the proportion of population aging is no longer a real problem for individuals and families, but has already affected all aspects of politics, economy, culture and society. How to deal with the aging of the population actively, has a bearing on the national economy and people's livelihood, the stability of social order. It is true that the Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly plays a major role in protecting the lawful rights and interests of the elderly. The revision of the new Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly has strengthened the legal awareness of the self-protection of the elderly and paid more attention to improving the quality of daily life and well-being of the elderly more extensively. However, from the perspective of guardianship legislation, China's elderly guardianship system itself has not yet formed a complete system construction, and the establishment of the voluntary guardianship system is only the embryonic form. Whether it is determined guardianship or guardianship of the elderly, only according to the provisions of Article 26 of the Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly, the existing content is too abstract and general, so it lacks operability. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the problems and deficiencies in the system. In this paper, the content of the system of the elderly is analyzed from five aspects, and according to the current legislation of our country, the main problems existing in the system are analyzed. The necessity of perfecting the system is demonstrated through the analysis of the present situation and its causes. Then, from the point of view of being close to the national conditions of our country, we select the relevant legislative reforms in Japan and Taiwan, learn from the mature experience among them, and explore the necessity and feasibility of perfecting the system of voluntary guardianship of the elderly in our country. Then according to the above analysis put forward specific suggestions for improvement. In the first part of this paper, the preface mainly clarifies the core problems of this paper, and discusses the social background and legal significance of the subject. The second part is an overview, mainly from the concept, characteristics, the origin of the system, the development of the system, as well as the elderly determination guardianship and related concepts of discrimination. The third part focuses on the analysis of the current situation of our country's elderly guardianship and the elderly determined guardianship system, and summarizes the shortcomings and problems. Then it analyzes the reasons why it is necessary to perfect the system. The fourth part is intended to draw lessons from the mature experience of guardianship legislation in Taiwan and Japan, to compare the specific points of their guardianship system for the elderly, and draw lessons from the desirable experience. In order to explore the elderly care system in China to improve the feasible path. The fifth part of this paper mainly focuses on how to design and how to operate the system of the elderly free guardianship in China, including the improvement of the qualification of the litigants. In this paper, the author puts forward some feasible suggestions on how to perfect the supervision system for the elderly in order to perfect the contract of voluntary guardianship and the establishment of the supervision system for the elderly.
【學位授予單位】：華僑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.8
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本文編號：2244905