【摘要】：二十世紀(jì)以前,由于受羅馬法影響較深,英美法系和大陸法系都嚴(yán)格恪守債的相對性原則。否認(rèn)合同對于第三人的絕對效力。當(dāng)合同債權(quán)受到來自第三人的侵害時(shí),合同關(guān)系當(dāng)事人之間僅能通過合同內(nèi)部關(guān)系來解決,債權(quán)人無法依據(jù)合同向第三人主張權(quán)利。二十世紀(jì)以后,經(jīng)濟(jì)交往的日益頻繁,債權(quán)的地位不斷上升,交易類型的復(fù)雜化,使得合同的相對性原則在一定程度上得到了突破。雖然合同債權(quán)屬于相對權(quán),隨著理論和實(shí)踐的不斷深入和發(fā)展,兩大法系對于債權(quán)的保護(hù)也更加注重和全面,各國都通過立法或判例承認(rèn)了第三人侵害債權(quán)(干涉合同)制度。本文立足于我國現(xiàn)行的民法理論和實(shí)踐,以第三人侵害債權(quán)制度為研究對象,在對比兩大法系關(guān)于第三人侵害債權(quán)制度立法及實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上,探尋第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的相關(guān)理論。對于第三人侵害債權(quán)制度的構(gòu)成要件、免責(zé)事由以及責(zé)任分配分別進(jìn)行論述,尤其是對構(gòu)成要件部分,本文認(rèn)為除具備一般侵權(quán)行為的構(gòu)成要件外,侵害債權(quán)還有其自己的特殊性,并且,此制度由于涉及對第三人行為的調(diào)整,為避免加重第三人負(fù)擔(dān),限制其行為自由,所以設(shè)置構(gòu)成要件時(shí)應(yīng)更加嚴(yán)格。最后,結(jié)合我國當(dāng)前的學(xué)術(shù)現(xiàn)狀、立法現(xiàn)狀和司法實(shí)踐,闡述我國現(xiàn)存法律體系下該制度我國的立法模式選擇問題,為在今后以立法形式確立第三人侵害債權(quán)制度奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Prior to the twentieth century, because of the deep influence of Roman law, both Anglo-American and civil law systems strictly adhered to the principle of the relativity of debt. Deny the absolute validity of the contract to the third party. When the contract creditor's rights are infringed by the third party, the contract relationship between the parties can only be resolved through the internal relationship of the contract, and the creditor can not claim the rights of the third party on the basis of the contract. After the 20th century, the increasingly frequent economic exchanges, the rising position of creditor's rights and the complication of transaction types make the principle of relativity of contract break through to a certain extent. Although the contractual creditor's rights belong to the relative right, with the development of the theory and practice, the two legal systems pay more attention to the protection of the creditor's rights. Based on the current theory and practice of civil law in our country, this paper takes the system of infringement of creditor's rights by the third party as the research object, on the basis of comparing the legislation and practice of the system of infringement of the creditor's rights by the third party in the two legal systems. To explore the third party infringement of creditor's rights system related theory. As for the constitution of the system of infringement of creditor's rights by the third party, the reason of exemption and the distribution of responsibility are discussed separately, especially for the part of the constitutive elements, this article thinks that besides the constitutive elements of the general tort, The infringement of creditor's rights also has its own particularity, moreover, this system should be more strict when setting up constitutive elements because it involves the adjustment of the behavior of the third party, in order to avoid increasing the burden of the third party and restrict its freedom of conduct. Finally, combined with the current academic situation, legislative status and judicial practice, this paper expounds the choice of the legislative model of this system under the existing legal system of our country. In the future in the form of legislation to establish the third party infringement of creditor's rights system to lay a solid foundation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國青年政治學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D913

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本文編號：2244323