【摘要】：隨著老齡化社會的到來,我國老年人口規(guī)模大,老齡化速度快,呈現(xiàn)出典型的未富先老態(tài)勢,而我國現(xiàn)有的有關(guān)老齡人口的法律規(guī)定多為原則性的保護條款,缺乏滿足老年人個性需求的輔助型措施,急需完善。同時,世界多數(shù)國家都在進行或已經(jīng)完成成年監(jiān)護制度的改革,老年人監(jiān)護制度是其中最重要的內(nèi)容,核心理念就是“尊重自我決定權(quán)”和“維持生活正�；�。2012年,我國修訂了《老年人權(quán)益保護法》,其中第二十六條確定了意定監(jiān)護制度,但僅有法律的原則性規(guī)定是遠遠不夠的。為了應(yīng)對人口老齡化的挑戰(zhàn),也為了和國際接軌,在未來的《民法典》及相關(guān)立法體系中完善我國的老年人監(jiān)護制度己顯得十分必要。從理論上看,研究老年人監(jiān)護制度可以彌補我國監(jiān)護制度的不足,尤其是成年監(jiān)護制度的不足。從實踐上看,能為我國老年人監(jiān)護制度提供立法建議,以更好地面對老齡化社會的沖擊。本文從四個方面分析我國老年人監(jiān)護制度的立法完善,以更好地保護老年人的合法權(quán)益。前言部分論述了本文的選題背景和選題意義,著重強調(diào)了我國當前老齡社會的現(xiàn)狀、新修訂的《老年人權(quán)益保護法》的內(nèi)容以及研究老年人監(jiān)護制度的理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。正文部分首先運用概念分析和價值分析的方法,從老年人監(jiān)護的概念和我國建立老年人監(jiān)護制度的價值基礎(chǔ)展開敘述,建立了老年人監(jiān)護制度的理論框架,并進一步分析我國建立老年人監(jiān)護制度的必要性。緊接著本人結(jié)合我國目前的相關(guān)立法,對老年人監(jiān)護制度的現(xiàn)狀進行了梳理,總結(jié)歸納了現(xiàn)有相關(guān)法律法規(guī)情況,分析其應(yīng)然與實然之問的差距,指出我國老年人監(jiān)護制度在立法體例、理念和具體制度方面的不足。然后,本論文對老年人監(jiān)護制度進行了比較法上的研究。介紹了大陸法系國家如德國、日本、法國,英美法系國家如英國、美國的成年監(jiān)護制度改革情況,通過對兩大法系成年監(jiān)護制度改革的深入分析,為完善我國相應(yīng)立法提供理論支持和經(jīng)驗借鑒。論文的最后一部分是最核心的內(nèi)容,也是作者思考最多的部分,本人通過系統(tǒng)的研究,借鑒國外立法的先進經(jīng)驗,結(jié)合我國的國情,順應(yīng)國際監(jiān)護立法先進理念,從法定老年人監(jiān)護、意定老年人監(jiān)護兩種監(jiān)護方式入手,試圖提出完善我國的老年人監(jiān)護制度的建議。針對第二部分查找出的立法不足,具體從建立老年人監(jiān)護制度的立法體例;擴大被監(jiān)護對象的范圍;設(shè)立不同層次的監(jiān)護;合理調(diào)整監(jiān)護主體制度,確立社會機構(gòu)監(jiān)護人;明確監(jiān)護人權(quán)利;建立配套的意定監(jiān)護協(xié)議登記制度;設(shè)置監(jiān)護監(jiān)督機制;加強老年人監(jiān)護制度的程序保障八個方面提出立法意見。
[Abstract]:With the coming of the aging society, the aged population in our country is large and the aging speed is fast, which presents a typical situation of aging before getting rich. However, the existing laws and regulations on the aging population in our country are mostly the protection clauses of principle. Lack of supplementary measures to meet the needs of the elderly personality, the urgent need to improve. At the same time, most countries in the world are in the process of, or have completed, the reform of the adult guardianship system, the most important of which is the system of guardianship of the elderly, the core concepts of which are "respect for the right to self-determination" and "maintain the normalization of life". In 2012, China amended the Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly. Article 26 establishes the system of guardianship, but the principle of the law is far from enough. In order to meet the challenge of the aging population and to meet the international standards, it is necessary to perfect the guardianship system of the elderly in the Civil Code and related legislation system in the future. Theoretically, studying the guardianship system of the elderly can make up for the deficiency of the guardianship system of our country, especially the deficiency of the adult guardianship system. From the practical point of view, it can provide legislative advice for the guardianship system of the elderly in our country, so as to better face the impact of the aging society. In order to protect the legal rights and interests of the elderly, this paper analyzes the legislative perfection of the guardianship system for the elderly in four aspects. The preface discusses the background and significance of the topic selection, emphasizes the current situation of the aging society in China, the contents of the newly revised Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly, and the theoretical and practical significance of the study on the guardianship system of the elderly. In the part of the text, the concept of guardianship of the elderly and the value basis of the establishment of the guardianship system for the elderly are described by means of conceptual analysis and value analysis, and the theoretical framework of the guardianship system for the elderly is established. And further analysis of the necessity of establishing a guardianship system for the elderly in China. Then the author combs the current situation of the elderly guardianship system, summarizes the existing relevant laws and regulations, and analyzes the gap between the ought to be and the actual situation. This paper points out the deficiency of the system in legislative style, idea and concrete system. Then, this paper carries on the comparative research to the elderly guardianship system. This paper introduces the reform of adult guardianship system in civil law countries such as Germany, Japan, France, common law countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States, and analyzes the reform of the adult guardianship system in the two major legal systems. To improve the relevant legislation in China to provide theoretical support and experience. The last part of the thesis is the core content and the most important part of the author. Through systematic research, I draw lessons from the advanced experience of foreign legislation, combine the national conditions of our country, conform to the advanced idea of international guardianship legislation. In this paper, the author tries to put forward some suggestions on how to perfect the guardianship system of the elderly in our country, starting with the legal guardianship of the elderly and the two types of guardianship of the elderly. In view of the lack of legislation found out in the second part, the legislative style of establishing the guardianship system for the elderly; expanding the scope of the objects under guardianship; setting up different levels of guardianship; adjusting the guardianship subject system rationally; establishing the social guardian; The author makes clear the guardian's right, establishes the registration system of the agreement of guardianship, sets up the supervision mechanism of guardianship, and puts forward the legislative opinions in eight aspects: strengthening the procedural guarantee of the guardianship system for the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923
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本文編號：2206458