網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同中的保護(hù)性管轄與協(xié)議管轄
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-17 01:39
【摘要】：網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同管轄權(quán)的確定是B2C電子商務(wù)中一個(gè)十分重要的問(wèn)題,傳統(tǒng)消費(fèi)合同下消費(fèi)者的弱勢(shì)地位在網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同中繼續(xù)存在,且商家在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境中又面臨全球被訴的法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn),中小企業(yè)利益受到較大的沖擊。這些特性值得我們?cè)谥匦潞饬烤W(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同雙方當(dāng)事人地位情況下,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同管轄權(quán)的確定做出新的思考。網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同是指,自然人為滿(mǎn)足個(gè)人或家庭的需要,通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái),與具有經(jīng)營(yíng)資質(zhì)的商品服務(wù)供應(yīng)商之間進(jìn)行交易,購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品、服務(wù)或使用貸款的合同。本文共分四章:第一章通過(guò)對(duì)消費(fèi)者合同和電子商務(wù)合同的含義進(jìn)行界定,進(jìn)而得出本文的研究對(duì)象——網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同的含義,特別是厘清雙方當(dāng)事人的性質(zhì)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同的涉外性。緊接著,本文擬從現(xiàn)有的管轄規(guī)則出發(fā),指明這些規(guī)則在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境中雖面臨挑戰(zhàn),但在確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同管轄權(quán)時(shí)并非完全無(wú)用武之地,應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的管轄規(guī)則進(jìn)行適當(dāng)修改,使之滿(mǎn)足互聯(lián)網(wǎng)虛擬性、全球性、管理的非中心化所提出的要求。除了對(duì)既有的管轄規(guī)則做出修改之外,還有些學(xué)者力圖針對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提出獨(dú)有的管轄權(quán)確定方法。筆者對(duì)新興的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)管轄權(quán)理論,以及“網(wǎng)址”這一具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)特色的管轄基礎(chǔ)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同中的可行性做出分析。得出如下結(jié)論:從現(xiàn)有技術(shù)條件和各國(guó)立法現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看,較為符合客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的是全球統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)論,應(yīng)該結(jié)合網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同的特點(diǎn),對(duì)既有的管轄規(guī)則作出修改,這一變動(dòng)主要是從保護(hù)性管轄的視角和協(xié)議管轄的視角來(lái)進(jìn)行的。第二章承接第一章結(jié)論,從保護(hù)性管轄視角下對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同管轄權(quán)規(guī)則進(jìn)行研究。這里的保護(hù)性管轄并非僅指向?qū)οM(fèi)者利益的保護(hù),也蘊(yùn)含著對(duì)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境中商家利益保護(hù)的含義。因此,本章首先介紹傳統(tǒng)消費(fèi)合同中消費(fèi)者住所地這一傾向性保護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益的管轄標(biāo)準(zhǔn);其次對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同中基于對(duì)商家利益保護(hù)的考量所提出的彈性管轄標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分析,作為對(duì)消費(fèi)者住所地管轄標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的補(bǔ)充;最后,結(jié)合各國(guó)立法和司法實(shí)踐,確定消費(fèi)者住所地管轄標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的價(jià)值取向,以期對(duì)消費(fèi)者住所地管轄標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行完善。第三章同樣從第一章結(jié)論出發(fā),分析協(xié)議管轄在網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同中的可行性,以及傳統(tǒng)協(xié)議管轄在網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。結(jié)合網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同的特點(diǎn),從管轄協(xié)議的有效性問(wèn)題(形式有效性、實(shí)質(zhì)有效性)、協(xié)議管轄行使的時(shí)間限制(包括事后協(xié)議管轄對(duì)消費(fèi)者住所地管轄標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的排除和事前協(xié)議管轄的有效性)、以及管轄協(xié)議的排他性等問(wèn)題對(duì)協(xié)議管轄的完善進(jìn)行研究,特別是對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)格式合同中管轄權(quán)條款的效力進(jìn)行分析。第四章以二、三章的結(jié)論為理論支撐,對(duì)我國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同管轄權(quán)確定的法律規(guī)定,特別是2015年《最高人民法院關(guān)于適用中華人民共和國(guó)民事訴訟法的解釋》第二十條將收貨地和買(mǎi)受人住所地認(rèn)定為網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物合同的履行地的規(guī)定進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,并對(duì)我國(guó)目前在網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同管轄權(quán)確定中的司法實(shí)踐進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。在此現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合二、三章的結(jié)論,從保護(hù)性管轄和協(xié)議管轄兩個(gè)角度對(duì)我國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)合同管轄權(quán)的確定提出合理化建議。
[Abstract]:The determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract is a very important issue in the B2C e-commerce. The weak status of the consumers under the traditional consumer contract continues to exist in the network consumption contract, and the merchant faces the legal risk of the global prosecution in the Internet environment, and the benefits of the small and medium enterprises are greatly impacted. These characteristics are worthy of us. A new reflection on the determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract is made in the case of the re measurement of the status of the two parties in the network consumption contract. The network consumption contract refers to the transaction, purchase of goods and services between the natural people and the needs of the individual or the family, through the Internet platform, and the commodity service providers with operational qualifications. This article is divided into four chapters. This article is divided into four chapters: the first chapter defines the meaning of the consumer contract and e-commerce contract, and then draws the meaning of the research object of this article, the meaning of the network consumption contract, especially to clarify the nature of the parties and the foreign nature of the network consumption contract. According to the rules, it is pointed out that these rules are facing challenges in the Internet environment, but they are not completely useless when determining the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract. The traditional rules of jurisdiction should be modified to meet the requirements of the Internet virtual, global, and management non centralization. In addition, some scholars try to put forward a unique method of determining the jurisdiction of the Internet. The author makes an analysis of the emerging Internet jurisdiction theory and the feasibility of the "web site", a network characteristic jurisdictional basis in the network consumption contract. In accordance with the objective reality, the global unity and coordination theory should be combined with the characteristics of the network consumption contract, and the existing jurisdiction rules should be modified. This change is mainly from the perspective of the protective jurisdiction and the perspective of the agreement jurisdiction. The second chapter takes the first chapter to conclude the network consumption from the perspective of the protective jurisdiction. The protective jurisdiction of the contract does not only point to the protection of the interests of the consumer, but also contains the meaning of protecting the interests of the merchants in the Internet environment. In the fee contract, the flexible jurisdiction standard based on the consideration of the protection of the merchant's interests is analyzed as a supplement to the standard of the jurisdiction of the consumer's domicile. Finally, the value orientation of the standard of jurisdiction of the consumer's domicile is determined in combination with the legislation and judicial practice of various countries, in order to improve the standard of the domicile domicile. The third chapter is the same. From the first chapter, the paper analyzes the feasibility of the protocol jurisdiction in the network consumption contract, and the challenges facing the traditional protocol jurisdiction in the network environment. Combining the characteristics of the network consumption contract, the validity of the jurisdiction protocol (formal validity, substantial validity), the time limit of the exercise of the protocol jurisdiction (including the ex post Agreement Management) Under the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction of the consumer domicile and the validity of the jurisdiction of the prior agreement, and the exclusiveness of the jurisdiction agreement, the improvement of the jurisdiction of the agreement is studied, especially the validity of the jurisdiction clause in the network consumption format contract. The fourth chapter is supported by the conclusion of the two and three chapters. The legal provisions on the determination of the jurisdiction of the fee contract, especially the provisions of the twentieth article of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China in 2015, to make a detailed analysis of the stipulation of the place of receipt of the receiving place and the domicile of the buyer as the site of the network shopping contract, and to determine the jurisdiction of our country at present in the network consumption contract. On the basis of this reality, combining the conclusions of the two and the three chapters, we put forward the rationalization proposals for the determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract in China from the two angles of the protective jurisdiction and the agreement jurisdiction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.6
本文編號(hào)：2128458
[Abstract]:The determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract is a very important issue in the B2C e-commerce. The weak status of the consumers under the traditional consumer contract continues to exist in the network consumption contract, and the merchant faces the legal risk of the global prosecution in the Internet environment, and the benefits of the small and medium enterprises are greatly impacted. These characteristics are worthy of us. A new reflection on the determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract is made in the case of the re measurement of the status of the two parties in the network consumption contract. The network consumption contract refers to the transaction, purchase of goods and services between the natural people and the needs of the individual or the family, through the Internet platform, and the commodity service providers with operational qualifications. This article is divided into four chapters. This article is divided into four chapters: the first chapter defines the meaning of the consumer contract and e-commerce contract, and then draws the meaning of the research object of this article, the meaning of the network consumption contract, especially to clarify the nature of the parties and the foreign nature of the network consumption contract. According to the rules, it is pointed out that these rules are facing challenges in the Internet environment, but they are not completely useless when determining the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract. The traditional rules of jurisdiction should be modified to meet the requirements of the Internet virtual, global, and management non centralization. In addition, some scholars try to put forward a unique method of determining the jurisdiction of the Internet. The author makes an analysis of the emerging Internet jurisdiction theory and the feasibility of the "web site", a network characteristic jurisdictional basis in the network consumption contract. In accordance with the objective reality, the global unity and coordination theory should be combined with the characteristics of the network consumption contract, and the existing jurisdiction rules should be modified. This change is mainly from the perspective of the protective jurisdiction and the perspective of the agreement jurisdiction. The second chapter takes the first chapter to conclude the network consumption from the perspective of the protective jurisdiction. The protective jurisdiction of the contract does not only point to the protection of the interests of the consumer, but also contains the meaning of protecting the interests of the merchants in the Internet environment. In the fee contract, the flexible jurisdiction standard based on the consideration of the protection of the merchant's interests is analyzed as a supplement to the standard of the jurisdiction of the consumer's domicile. Finally, the value orientation of the standard of jurisdiction of the consumer's domicile is determined in combination with the legislation and judicial practice of various countries, in order to improve the standard of the domicile domicile. The third chapter is the same. From the first chapter, the paper analyzes the feasibility of the protocol jurisdiction in the network consumption contract, and the challenges facing the traditional protocol jurisdiction in the network environment. Combining the characteristics of the network consumption contract, the validity of the jurisdiction protocol (formal validity, substantial validity), the time limit of the exercise of the protocol jurisdiction (including the ex post Agreement Management) Under the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction of the consumer domicile and the validity of the jurisdiction of the prior agreement, and the exclusiveness of the jurisdiction agreement, the improvement of the jurisdiction of the agreement is studied, especially the validity of the jurisdiction clause in the network consumption format contract. The fourth chapter is supported by the conclusion of the two and three chapters. The legal provisions on the determination of the jurisdiction of the fee contract, especially the provisions of the twentieth article of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China in 2015, to make a detailed analysis of the stipulation of the place of receipt of the receiving place and the domicile of the buyer as the site of the network shopping contract, and to determine the jurisdiction of our country at present in the network consumption contract. On the basis of this reality, combining the conclusions of the two and the three chapters, we put forward the rationalization proposals for the determination of the jurisdiction of the network consumption contract in China from the two angles of the protective jurisdiction and the agreement jurisdiction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.6
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