發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-04 22:32

  本文選題：環(huán)境侵權(quán) + 懲罰性賠償制度　； 參考：《山東政法學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年以來(lái),我國(guó)環(huán)境污染與生態(tài)破壞問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重,重大惡性的環(huán)境污染與生態(tài)破壞事件頻發(fā),與之相應(yīng)的涉及環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題的侵權(quán)訴訟糾紛數(shù)量也逐步增長(zhǎng)。我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)侵賠償法律制度適用同質(zhì)賠償原則、填平原則,但是環(huán)境侵權(quán)具有間接性、潛在性、損害后果嚴(yán)重性以及主體地位不平等性等特征,因此繼續(xù)適用同質(zhì)賠償原則在實(shí)質(zhì)上難以達(dá)到填平的效果,難以實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)質(zhì)的公平,傳統(tǒng)侵權(quán)制度的賠償范圍和力度既不能完全填補(bǔ)環(huán)境侵權(quán)所造成的損害,也難以有效遏制與預(yù)防后續(xù)環(huán)境侵權(quán)的發(fā)生。而懲罰性賠償制度基于自身特點(diǎn),不再局限于同質(zhì)賠償原則,懲罰性的顯著功能能夠有效的填補(bǔ)環(huán)境侵權(quán)所造成的損害,達(dá)到對(duì)環(huán)境侵權(quán)人的懲罰,從而能夠?qū)罄m(xù)環(huán)境侵權(quán)產(chǎn)生遏制與預(yù)防的作用。環(huán)境侵權(quán)適用懲罰性賠償制度,能夠有效的彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)行侵權(quán)賠償法律制度的不足,有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)實(shí)質(zhì)正義,并能夠相對(duì)有效的實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)環(huán)境和生態(tài)的目標(biāo)。本文共分為四部分:第一部分介紹環(huán)境侵權(quán)和懲罰性賠償制度。首先,介紹了環(huán)境侵權(quán)的概念,釋明了環(huán)境侵權(quán)的基本內(nèi)涵;其次,介紹了環(huán)境侵權(quán)自身的特殊性以及現(xiàn)行環(huán)境法律制度的局限性,表明現(xiàn)行環(huán)境法律制度難以適應(yīng)環(huán)境侵權(quán)的特殊性;最后介紹了懲罰性賠償制度的基本內(nèi)涵以及懲罰性賠償制度的主要功能,表明引入懲罰性賠償制度能夠有效適應(yīng)環(huán)境侵權(quán)的特殊性要求。第二部分介紹環(huán)境侵權(quán)適用懲罰性賠償制度的必要性。首先,環(huán)境侵權(quán)自身特殊性是引入懲罰性賠償制度的必要前提;其次,環(huán)境侵權(quán)適用懲罰性賠償制度是實(shí)質(zhì)正義的要求;最后,環(huán)境侵權(quán)適用懲罰性賠償制度能夠有效的威懾和遏制并且利于降低社會(huì)成本。該部分表明環(huán)境侵權(quán)適用懲罰性賠償制度具備相當(dāng)?shù)谋匾�。第三部分介紹環(huán)境侵權(quán)適用懲罰性賠償制度的可行性。首先,我國(guó)在其他特殊領(lǐng)域?qū)嵭羞^(guò)懲罰性賠償制度以及其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)在環(huán)境侵權(quán)訴訟中實(shí)行懲罰性賠償制度證明了制度的可行性;其次,在理論界對(duì)于環(huán)境侵權(quán)懲罰性賠償制度呼吁以及理論成果為該制度提供了可行的理論支撐。因此環(huán)境侵權(quán)適用懲罰性賠償制度具備一定的可行性。第四部分介紹環(huán)境侵權(quán)懲罰性賠償制度的構(gòu)建。主要涉及環(huán)境侵權(quán)懲罰性賠償?shù)臉?gòu)成要件、賠償金額計(jì)算模式、懲罰性賠金額考量的因素、有關(guān)于環(huán)境公益訴訟主體資格以及證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和賠償數(shù)額所應(yīng)當(dāng)包含的特殊范圍,綜合這幾個(gè)方面的考量,嘗試在環(huán)境侵權(quán)中構(gòu)建懲罰性賠償制度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of environmental pollution and ecological destruction has become more and more serious in our country, and serious and malignant environmental pollution and ecological destruction events occur frequently. Accordingly, the number of tort litigation disputes related to environmental pollution is also gradually increasing. The traditional legal system of aggression and compensation in our country applies the principle of homogeneous compensation and compensation, but environmental tort has the characteristics of indirectness, potentiality, severity of damage consequences and inequality of subject status, etc. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the principle of homogeneous compensation in essence to achieve the effect of filling up and realize the substantial fairness. The scope and strength of the traditional tort system can neither completely fill in the damage caused by environmental tort. It is also difficult to effectively curb and prevent the occurrence of subsequent environmental infringement. The punitive damages system, based on its own characteristics, is no longer limited to the principle of homogeneous damages. The significant function of punitive damages can effectively fill the damage caused by environmental infringement and achieve the punishment of environmental infringers. Thus, it can contain and prevent the subsequent environmental tort. The application of punitive damages system in environmental tort can effectively make up for the deficiency of the current tort compensation legal system, help to realize the social substantive justice, and relatively effectively realize the goal of protecting the environment and ecology. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the system of environmental tort and punitive damages. Firstly, the concept of environmental tort is introduced, and the basic connotation of environmental tort is explained. Secondly, the particularity of environmental tort and the limitation of current environmental legal system are introduced. It shows that the current environmental legal system is difficult to adapt to the particularity of environmental tort, and finally introduces the basic connotation of punitive damages system and the main functions of punitive damages system. It shows that the introduction of punitive damages system can effectively adapt to the special requirements of environmental tort. The second part introduces the necessity of applying punitive damages system in environmental tort. First, the particularity of environmental tort itself is the necessary premise of introducing punitive damages system; secondly, the application of punitive damages system in environmental tort is the requirement of substantive justice; finally, The application of punitive damages to environmental tort can effectively deter and curb and help to reduce social costs. This part shows that the application of punitive damages system is quite necessary. The third part introduces the feasibility of applying punitive damages system to environmental tort. First, China has implemented the punitive damages system in other special areas and other countries and regions in environmental tort litigation punitive damages system proved the feasibility of the system; In the theoretical circle, the appeal for punitive damages system of environmental tort and the theoretical results provide a feasible theoretical support for the system. Therefore, the application of punitive damages system of environmental tort has certain feasibility. The fourth part introduces the construction of punitive damages system of environmental tort. It mainly involves the elements of punitive damages for environmental tort, the calculation mode of compensation amount, the factors of considering the amount of punitive damages, the qualification of the subject of environmental public interest litigation, the standard of proof and the special scope that should be included in the amount of compensation. Synthesizing these aspects, we try to construct punitive damages system in environmental tort.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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