本文選題：環(huán)境污染責任保險 + 社會化　； 參考：《山東財經(jīng)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化時代的到來,我國經(jīng)濟迅速發(fā)展,但同時產(chǎn)生了日益嚴重的環(huán)境污染問題,這降低了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的質(zhì)量,威脅著人類的健康。近年來,環(huán)境污染事故時常發(fā)生,我國的首都北京每年都有很長時間籠罩在霧霾之中,如何治理霧霾倍受大家的關(guān)注,水污染和土地污染的面積也越來越大,國家對環(huán)境污染的問題逐漸重視起來,頒布了一系列法律法規(guī)和部門規(guī)章,期望可以減少經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的副作用,但是現(xiàn)有法律和行政制度的更新速度跟不上環(huán)境污染的增長速度,它們已無法有效解決環(huán)境污染的問題,并且一些環(huán)境污染事故的發(fā)生會造成巨大的損失,若受害人無法得到合理的賠償,將不利于社會健康發(fā)展,若受害人得到了賠償,企業(yè)往往不堪重負而破產(chǎn),這同樣不利于我國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。國外對這一問題的解決方法就是構(gòu)建環(huán)境污染責任保險制度,這樣一方面保障了環(huán)境污染受害人的權(quán)益,另一方面也可以促進我國企業(yè)的長遠發(fā)展和保險業(yè)的繁榮。經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展,在國外這一制度已越來越成熟。我國順應國際形勢也逐步建立了環(huán)境污染責任保險制度,但這一制度目前還處于發(fā)展階段,很多方面還不成熟,出現(xiàn)了承保范圍狹窄、承保機構(gòu)單一、配套機制不健全和缺少追責機制等問題,本文在對環(huán)境污染責任保險相關(guān)理論進行研究的基礎上,對比國外較為成熟的相關(guān)制度,針對我國試點中存在的問題提出了一些完善建議。本篇論文共有五部分:第一部分是緒論,介紹了環(huán)境污染責任保險法律問題研究這一選題的背景和意義,以及國內(nèi)外學者對此問題的研究和本文主要運用的研究方法。第二部分為概述,在閱讀文獻的基礎上,筆者主要介紹了這一制度的內(nèi)涵、發(fā)展史、理論基礎以及強制性、公益性的基本特征。第三部分是其他國家在不同的制度體系下對保險模式的選擇和這些國家的先進制度對我國的啟示,這一部分主要介紹了其他國家環(huán)境污染責任保險制度的運行狀況,同時對比我國的相關(guān)立法和試點情況得出了對我國的啟示。第四部分為我國環(huán)境污染責任保險制度的現(xiàn)狀,這一部分分析了目前導致試點工作進展緩慢的眾多因素,以及在試點中存在的承保范圍狹窄、承保機構(gòu)單一、配套機制不健全和缺少追責機制等問題。第五部分主要是筆者根據(jù)第四部分發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題提出對策建議,這一部分立足我國國情,主要提出了以下建議:首先,我國必須建立強制保險模式。其次,必須要擴大承保范圍,建立多元化承保機構(gòu),完善配套機制,建立合理的信息公開制度、替代制度以及風險評估和損害評估機制,建立相應追責機制。筆者期待這些建議對完善我國的環(huán)境污染責任保險制度有所裨益。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the industrialization era, our economy has developed rapidly, but at the same time has produced the increasingly serious environmental pollution problem, which has reduced the quality of economic development and threatened the health of human beings. In recent years, environmental pollution accidents often occur. Beijing, the capital of our country, is shrouded in haze for a long time every year. How to treat haze has attracted much attention, and the area of water pollution and land pollution has also become larger and larger. The state has gradually attached importance to the problem of environmental pollution, and has promulgated a series of laws and regulations and departmental regulations, which are expected to reduce the side effects of economic development. However, the existing laws and administrative systems cannot keep up with the growth rate of environmental pollution. They have been unable to solve the problem of environmental pollution effectively, and the occurrence of some environmental pollution accidents will cause huge losses. If the victim cannot get reasonable compensation, it will be harmful to the healthy development of the society, if the victim is compensated, Enterprises are often overwhelmed and bankrupt, which is also not conducive to the economic development of our country. The solution to this problem in foreign countries is to construct the liability insurance system for environmental pollution. On the one hand, it can protect the rights and interests of the victims of environmental pollution, on the other hand, it can also promote the long-term development of Chinese enterprises and the prosperity of the insurance industry. After decades of development, this system abroad has become more and more mature. China has gradually established the environmental pollution liability insurance system in accordance with the international situation, but this system is still in the development stage, and many aspects are not mature, the scope of underwriting is narrow, and the underwriting institution is single. On the basis of the research on the related theories of environmental pollution liability insurance, this paper compares the relatively mature relevant systems abroad, such as the imperfect supporting mechanism and the lack of accountability mechanism. In view of the problems existing in the pilot projects in China, some suggestions are put forward. There are five parts in this thesis: the first part is the introduction, which introduces the background and significance of the research on the legal problem of environmental pollution liability insurance, as well as the domestic and foreign scholars' research on this issue and the main research methods used in this paper. The second part is an overview. On the basis of reading literature, the author mainly introduces the connotation, development history, theoretical basis and the basic characteristics of compulsory and public welfare of this system. The third part is about the choice of insurance mode in different systems of other countries and the enlightenment to our country from the advanced system of these countries. This part mainly introduces the operating status of liability insurance system for environmental pollution in other countries. At the same time, the comparison of China's relevant legislation and pilot situation draws inspiration to our country. The fourth part is the current situation of environmental pollution liability insurance system in China. This part analyzes many factors that lead to the slow progress of the pilot work at present, as well as the narrow coverage scope and the single underwriting institution in the pilot project. Supporting mechanism is not perfect and lack of accountability mechanism and other problems. The fifth part is mainly based on the problems found in the fourth part of the countermeasures, this part based on China's national conditions, mainly put forward the following suggestions: first, China must establish a compulsory insurance model. Secondly, we must expand the scope of insurance, establish diversified underwriting institutions, perfect supporting mechanism, establish reasonable information disclosure system, substitute system, risk assessment and damage assessment mechanism, and establish corresponding liability mechanism. The author expects that these suggestions will be helpful to improve the liability insurance system of environmental pollution in China.
【學位授予單位】：山東財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.284;D923

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