本文選題：大宗商品 + 融資��； 參考：《北京化工大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：倉單質押是當前市場上普遍使用并較為活躍的一種融資交易方式,尤其在大宗商品流通環(huán)節(jié),經濟主體想要充分利用倉儲貨物等閑置資源融通資金投入再生產環(huán)節(jié),一般都通過移轉倉單占有的方式將倉單權利進行質押,得到與倉單記載物品等值的資金,并以此擔保債權的實現。在我國當前的市場經濟和法律環(huán)境下,倉單質押的相關法律法規(guī)并未達到全面、系統(tǒng)、規(guī)范的水平,對倉單質押過程中的復雜法律關系缺少認知和思考,審判實務中各法院對倉單質押行為的成立和有效性的看法和認定也不盡一致,相關法律規(guī)制亟需完善,倉儲企業(yè)行業(yè)管理水平低、缺少統(tǒng)一標準,資金需求方的誠信體系缺失、濫用規(guī)則和惡意規(guī)避法律,導致了我國大宗商品流通領域在2011-2015年這5年間以銀行和國有企業(yè)為代表的資金提供方累計損失超過萬億,形成了上千件民事和刑事訴訟案件,嚴重破壞了市場經濟秩序。為了進一步深化對倉單質押融資這一行為的法律認識,防范實務中的巨大法律風險,本文將以大宗商品融資為切入點,系統(tǒng)分析倉單質押中的相關法律問題,提出立法的建議和法律風險防范意見,以希望這種融資業(yè)務在合法的前提下蓬勃發(fā)展。文章主要內容如下：第一章為大宗商品融資情況的概述。主要介紹大宗商品、大宗商品融資的概念和特點,介紹了我國大宗商品融資的產生背景和近期的發(fā)展情況。第二章論述倉單質押融資法律關系和實務操作流程。包括四個部分：一是介紹了倉單及單質押,并對其法律規(guī)定和理論探討進行了分析。二是簡要分析倉單質押融資涉及的法律關系；三是分析大宗商品融資的擔保方式和倉單質押實務操作一般流程;四是對鋼貿融資領域中“現貨質押”、“倉單質押”的概念進行了澄清。第三章論述了倉單質押融資實務中的法律問題以及探究。主要研究三個方向的大的問題,一是融資貿易與倉單質押擔保的效力問題,特別針對研究了司法實踐中的認定；二是質押倉單中記載貨物的所有權問題,如倉單的合法有效、倉單記載貨物的屬性、貨物的一致性、置換分割倉單和貨物的處分等問題；三是倉單質押與動產質押、動產抵押、浮動抵押和留置權等擔保物權的競存規(guī)制和優(yōu)先效力問題。第四章是對倉單質押提出的立法建議及法律風險防范的意見。主要法律法規(guī)完善以及政策調整方面和實務操作中的法律風險防范建議兩個方面進行了闡述,內容包括：在我國《民法典》中訂立中專門增加對倉單質押的法律規(guī)定,以構建完善法律體系,對電子化標準倉單進行立法并對使用做強制性要求,嚴格規(guī)范非標準倉單融資以防止對實體經濟造成沖擊；倉單質押實務操作的風險防范,加強倉儲企業(yè)的行業(yè)管理,建立倉單質押登記監(jiān)管平臺,加強企業(yè)對質押融資業(yè)務的法律風險防范。
[Abstract]:Warehouse receipt pledge is a kind of financing transaction method that is widely used and more active in the current market. Especially in the circulation of commodities, economic entities want to make full use of idle resources such as warehousing goods and other idle resources to finance the process of capital investment in reproduction. In general, the right of warehouse receipt is pledged by transfer of warehouse receipt possession, and the funds equivalent to the goods recorded in warehouse receipt are obtained, and the realization of creditor's rights is guaranteed. In the current market economy and legal environment of our country, the relevant laws and regulations of warehouse receipt pledge have not reached the level of comprehensive, systematic and normative, and lack of cognition and thinking about the complex legal relationship in the process of warehouse receipt pledge. In the trial practice, the courts have different views on the establishment and validity of warehouse receipt pledge, and the relevant legal regulations need to be improved, the management level of warehousing enterprises is low, there is no uniform standard, and the credit system on the demand side of funds is missing. The abuse of rules and malicious evasion of laws has led to a cumulative loss of more than trillion yuan in the commodity circulation sector of China in the five years 2011-2015, represented by banks and state-owned enterprises, resulting in thousands of civil and criminal litigation cases. Seriously damaged the order of the market economy. In order to further deepen the legal understanding of the act of warehouse receipt pledge financing and guard against the huge legal risk in practice, this paper will take commodity financing as the starting point and systematically analyze the relevant legal issues in warehouse receipt pledge. This paper puts forward legislative suggestions and legal risk prevention opinions in order to develop this kind of financing business vigorously under the legal premise. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is an overview of commodity financing. This paper mainly introduces the concept and characteristics of commodities and commodity financing, and introduces the background and recent development of commodity financing in China. Chapter two discusses the legal relationship and practical operation flow of warehouse receipt pledge financing. It includes four parts: first, it introduces warehouse receipt and single pledge, and analyzes its legal regulation and theoretical discussion. The second is a brief analysis of the legal relationship involved in warehouse receipt pledge financing; the third is the analysis of the guarantee mode of commodity financing and the general operation process of warehouse receipt pledge; the fourth is the "spot pledge" in the field of steel trade financing. The concept of "warehouse receipt pledge" is clarified. The third chapter discusses the legal issues and exploration in the practice of warehouse receipt pledge financing. This paper mainly studies three major problems, one is the validity of financing trade and warehouse receipt pledge, especially the confirmation of judicial practice, the other is the ownership of goods recorded in pledge warehouse receipt, such as the legal validity of warehouse receipt. Warehouse receipt records the property of goods, the consistency of goods, the replacement split warehouse receipt and the disposition of goods, etc. The third is the competition regulation and priority effect between warehouse receipt pledge and chattel pledge, movable mortgage, floating mortgage and lien. The fourth chapter is to the warehouse receipt pledge proposed the legislative proposal and the legal risk prevention opinion. The main laws and regulations as well as the policy adjustment and the legal risk prevention suggestions in practice are elaborated. The contents include: in the Civil Code of our country, the legal provisions on warehouse receipt pledge are added to the establishment of the Civil Code. In order to construct and perfect the legal system, legislate the electronic standard warehouse receipt and make the mandatory requirement to use, strictly standardize the non-standard warehouse receipt financing in order to prevent the impact on the real economy, guard against the risk of the practical operation of warehouse receipt pledge, Strengthen the industry management of warehousing enterprises, establish warehouse receipt pledge registration supervision platform, and strengthen the legal risk prevention of pledge financing business.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D923.2

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