發(fā)布時間：2018-05-18 21:03

  本文選題：合同法 + 強制性規(guī)定　； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從整個法律體系來看,民法及其它法律,在各自的軌道上運行,并相互契合,以期達到法律制定之最終目的:維護個人之私益并保證社會公共利益等不受損害。也即,民法需要配合其射程以外的法律,其射程以外的法律也需要配合民法,以達到有機的結(jié)合。那么如何使民法射程以外的法律即旨在維護社會公共利益之法令進入到民法以起到扼制濫用契約自由之目的呢?毫無疑問,我們需要在民法中引入一條公法進入的通道,《合同法》第52條第5款便應運而生。從我國的司法實踐來看,在適用此條規(guī)則時,往往采取簡單的三段論的推理方式:當事人的合同約定違反了某項法律法規(guī),而該條規(guī)范系效力性強制性規(guī)定,因此該合同無效。在這樣的思路下,《合同法》第52條第5款的功能事實上僅限于引致規(guī)范而已。在筆者看來,首先應贊賞理論界的百花齊放;其次,理論是為指導實踐而服務的,在實踐中,我國實務界采取了引致規(guī)范說,只不過在進一步判定合同效力的時候引入了第52條第4款;再次,筆者認為,既然把該條款認定為引致規(guī)范,即引致公法進入私法并影響私法的目的已經(jīng)達到,至于法官怎么去判定公法影響私法的維度,應該層次分明:第一,如果法令中有明確規(guī)定違反此法令者,合同無效,此時該條款就是純粹意義上的引致規(guī)范;第二,如果法令沒有明確規(guī)定合同效力如何,該條款同樣起到引致規(guī)范的作用,不過在進一步判定合同效力的時候,需要上升到第二個層次,引入第4項,看是否違反社會公共利益。在這里筆者做一個補充說明,在立法上分別規(guī)定了第4款、第5款,從體系解釋出發(fā),二者應各具獨立的適用價值,但結(jié)合實踐來看,在應用第5款的時候,往往會緊密結(jié)合第4款去共同判定合同的效力問題。對于此條款,理論界和司法實踐都做出了很多有益的探索,但遺憾的是至今沒有得出一個定論,也沒有形成具體可操的方法。但應當承認的是在司法實踐中,對于此條款的應用并沒有流于恣意,而且從大量司法案例來看,在一定程度上形成了類型化的判決。據(jù)此,筆者認為,可以從司法判例出發(fā)類型化效力性與管理性規(guī)定。當然此類型化,并不能涵蓋所有的案例,所以,筆者進一步提出,在今后的實踐中遇到類型化射程以外的案件,可以進入利益衡量的步驟中去。文章共分為五個部分,本文采取先破后立的行文邏輯:首先從案例切入,找出實踐中的解決進路,并提取其存在問題;接著對存在的問題進行解讀(這是破);后兩部分則是筆者的觀點(立的部分)。第一章:首先,通過大量的案例檢索,綜觀《合同法》第52條第5款的應用情況;其次,引入具體的案例,來闡釋實踐中是如何區(qū)分管理性強制性規(guī)定和效力性強制性規(guī)定的,并由此提取出適用該條款的幾個關(guān)鍵點。第二章:針對第一章提取出來的關(guān)鍵點,到理論和實踐中找尋答案,挖掘存在的問題,并對存在的問題進行解讀。第三章:緊接第二章的內(nèi)容,對存在之問題進行逐一攻破,重新解讀《合同法》第52條第5款之功能。第四章:返回實踐,提出自己對如何適用《合同法》第52條第5款的思路。
[Abstract]:From the view of the whole legal system, civil law and other laws operate in their respective tracks and agree with each other in order to achieve the ultimate goal of law making: to maintain personal interests and to ensure that social and public interests are not damaged. To achieve an organic combination. So how to make the law outside the civil law range, that is, the act of maintaining social and public interests in the civil law in order to prevent the abuse of freedom of contract? Without doubt, we need to introduce a public law into the civil law, and the contract law, the fifty-second articles and fifth paragraphs, have come into being. In practice, in the application of this rule, a simple syllogism is often adopted: the contract agreement of the parties violates a certain law and regulation, and the regulation is a mandatory mandatory provision, so the contract is invalid. In this way, the function of the contract law > fifty-second and fifth paragraphs is in fact Limited to the induced norm. In the author's view, first of all, we should appreciate the bloom of the theorists; secondly, the theory is to serve the practice. In practice, the practice of our country adopted the introduction of norms, but in the further determination of the validity of the contract, the introduction of fifty-second fourth sections; again, the author recognized that since the clause was identified as the norm, that is, to the public law. The purpose of entering private law and influencing private law has been achieved. As to how judges determine the influence of public law on the dimension of private law, it should be clear: first, if there is a clear provision in the decree that the law violates the person, the contract is invalid, and at this time the clause is the norm in pure meaning; second, if the law does not specify the validity of the contract clearly. This article also plays the role of the norm, but in the further determination of the validity of the contract, it needs to rise to second levels and introduce fourth items to see if the social and public interests are violated. Here, the author makes a supplementary explanation for the legislative provision of fourth, fifth, and from the system interpretation, the two should have their own independent suitability. With value, but in combination with practice, in the application of the fifth paragraph, it is often closely combined with the fourth paragraph to jointly determine the validity of the contract. For this clause, the theoretical circle and the judicial practice have made a lot of useful exploration, but it is regrettable that there has not been a conclusion and no concrete methods have been formed. But it should be acknowledged. In judicial practice, the application of this clause is not unscrupulous, and from a large number of judicial cases, to a certain extent, a type of judgment has been formed. Accordingly, the author believes that it can be typed from the judicial precedent to type the effectiveness and management provisions. One step is to put forward that in the future practice, the case beyond the range of the typed range can be entered into the steps of interest measurement. The article is divided into five parts. In this paper, the article adopts the logical logic of the first break and the following, first from the case to find out the solution approach in practice, and extract its existing problems; and then interpret the existing problems. The last two parts are the author's views (part). Chapter 1: first, through a large number of case searches, the application of the fifty-second fifth sections of the contract law is reviewed. Secondly, a specific case is introduced to explain how to distinguish between the mandatory and effective mandatory provisions in practice and to extract the application of this clause. Several key points. The second chapter: for the key points extracted from the first chapter, find the answer in the theory and practice, excavate the existing problems, and interpret the existing problems. The third chapter: the content of the second chapters, the problem of the existence of one by one, re read the "contract Law > fifty-second" fifth functions. Fourth chapter: return to real Practice, put forward how to apply the < contract law > fifty-second, fifth ideas.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.6

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條

1 許翠霞;違反強制性規(guī)定的合同效力研究[D];中國政法大學;2007年

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本文編號：1907198