本文選題：遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人 + 繼承人　； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：維護(hù)遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人與繼承人利益平衡,既是繼承法立法的價(jià)值追求,也是其穩(wěn)定社會(huì)和維護(hù)家庭和諧的立法目的。我國(guó)繼承法自頒布以來,在調(diào)整公民繼承法律關(guān)系方面起到了重要的作用,但現(xiàn)行繼承法在調(diào)整遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人與繼承人利益方面,導(dǎo)致了二者利益保護(hù)的失衡的結(jié)果,這顯露了隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,其在保護(hù)公民合法財(cái)產(chǎn)方面的立法目標(biāo)和維護(hù)法的公平、對(duì)公民進(jìn)行平等保護(hù)的價(jià)值追求方面的漏洞及不足。因此,做好兩者的利益平衡工作,公平和平等的保護(hù)公民的私有財(cái)產(chǎn),不僅利于預(yù)防糾紛的發(fā)生,且對(duì)于我國(guó)民法典繼承篇的修改和完善,彰顯我國(guó)法治的水平,具有一定的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值。本文對(duì)遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人與繼承人利益失衡現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)策研究,主要從以下幾個(gè)部分進(jìn)行分析。第一部分,通過列舉遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人與繼承人利益失衡方面的實(shí)踐案例,考察法院判決的法律效果和社會(huì)效果,以引出所要研究的問題。第二部分,從繼承制度的理論發(fā)展、繼承法的價(jià)值追求及立法目的方面,論證了遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人與繼承人利益平衡的法理依據(jù)。第三部分,重點(diǎn)對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行繼承法對(duì)遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人及繼承人利益失衡的現(xiàn)狀和出現(xiàn)此種局面的原因展開分析。立法方面從繼承選擇權(quán)沒有明確的時(shí)間限制、無條件的限定繼承、遺產(chǎn)的處理順序不明確、遺產(chǎn)與財(cái)產(chǎn)分離制度的缺乏、債權(quán)的公告和申制度的缺失等方面來論述。原因方面從物質(zhì)因素影響、立法觀念的缺乏、理論研究不深、救濟(jì)手段缺乏四個(gè)層面來總結(jié)。第四部分,通過對(duì)域外間接繼承制度和直接繼承制度的立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)考察,主要介紹了我國(guó)香港和臺(tái)灣、德國(guó)、瑞士解決遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人與繼承人利益失衡的相關(guān)制度,并思考相關(guān)制度對(duì)我國(guó)繼承法的啟示。第五部分,在分析了我國(guó)遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人與繼承人利益失衡的的現(xiàn)狀、原因和域外經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)給出了平衡遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人與繼承人利益的對(duì)策。在實(shí)體權(quán)利上主要從增加對(duì)限定繼承的條件限制、完善遺產(chǎn)清冊(cè),建立遺產(chǎn)管理制度、明確繼承人之間的連帶清償責(zé)任、建立遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)的公告和申報(bào)制度以及實(shí)行代位權(quán)和撤銷權(quán)制度。在程序方面,主要實(shí)行遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)的公示催告程序和遺產(chǎn)清償?shù)亩酱俪绦�、遺產(chǎn)的訴前保全程序和調(diào)整證明責(zé)任的分擔(dān)來照顧作為劣勢(shì)的遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人。希望以上分析能在以后繼承法的修改完善中起到一點(diǎn)參考作用。
[Abstract]:Maintaining the balance of the interests of the inheritance creditor and the heir is not only the pursuit of the value of the legislation of the inheritance law, but also the legislative purpose of stabilizing the society and maintaining the harmony of the family. Since the promulgation of the law of inheritance, China has played an important role in adjusting the legal relations of the citizens, but the current inheritance law is adjusting the interests of the inheritance creditors and the heirs. It leads to the result of the imbalance of the protection of the interests of the two, which reveals the loopholes and deficiencies in the value pursuit of protecting citizens' legal property and the equality of the protection of citizens with the development of the times and the equity of the equal protection of citizens. Therefore, the balance of interests and the protection of citizens are fair and equal. Private property is not only conducive to the prevention of disputes, but also to the revision and improvement of the civil code of our national code and to highlight the level of the rule of law in China. It has a certain theoretical and practical value. This paper is to analyze the current situation and Countermeasures of the interests imbalance of the heritage creditors and heirs. The main part is to analyze the following parts. In the second part, the legal principle of the balance between the inheritance creditor and the successor is demonstrated from the theoretical development of the inheritance system, the value pursuit of the inheritance law and the purpose of the legislation. According to the third part, it focuses on the analysis of the current status of the current inheritance law on the interests of the inheritance creditors and successors and the reasons for the situation. There is no definite time limit, unconditional succession, undefined order of inheritance, the lack of the separation system of heritage and property, and the creditor's rights in the legislative aspect. There are four aspects: the influence of material factors, the lack of legislative concept, the lack of theoretical research, the lack of relief means and the lack of four aspects. The fourth part, through the investigation of the legislative experience of the inheritance system and the direct inheritance system, mainly introduces the Chinese and Taiwan, Germany, In the fifth part, on the basis of the analysis of the current situation, the reasons and the extraterritorial experience, the Countermeasures of balancing the interests of the inheritance creditors and the heirs are given. In substantive rights, it is mainly from increasing the restriction on the conditions of inheritance, perfecting the inventory of heritage, establishing the system of heritage management, defining the liability of successive liquidation among the successors, establishing the announcement and declaration system of the creditor's rights, and implementing the system of subrogation and revocation. It is hoped that the above analysis can play a reference role in the revision and improvement of the inheritance law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.5

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