發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-26 16:55

  本文選題：情誼行為 + 侵權(quán)責(zé)任��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：情誼行為是出于形成、維護(hù)、增進(jìn)人與人之間的美好情感的目的實(shí)施的,缺乏受法律約束意思的無償利他的行為。這個(gè)概念產(chǎn)生自學(xué)界對于判例的討論,德國民法學(xué)界將之稱為Gefalligkeit,我國大陸學(xué)者邵建東先生在翻譯《德國民法總論》一書時(shí)將之譯為“情誼行為”。情誼行為在日常生活中十分普遍,如允許同事搭乘順風(fēng)車、邀請朋友一起吃飯、替鄰居照看孩子等。本文重在情誼行為界定及其法律后果分析。一方面,力圖在完整定義情誼行為基礎(chǔ)上,探討情誼行為的性質(zhì)及其在法律體系中的地位,以便在司法實(shí)踐中明確界定情誼行為;另一方面,通過對案例事實(shí)的研究,劃分情誼行為引起侵權(quán)責(zé)任的類型,建立起情誼行為引起侵權(quán)責(zé)任時(shí)的糾紛解決機(jī)制,為化解情誼行為引起的法律糾紛提供明確的制度支撐。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,本文可以分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分是情誼行為的概述。著力于界定情誼行為的內(nèi)涵和外延,闡述其具有給付的無償性、非自利性和缺乏受法律拘束的意思三項(xiàng)法律特征,從而得出情誼行為的定義。在此基礎(chǔ)上,論述順利完成的情誼行為法律性質(zhì)有別于法律行為和事實(shí)行為,應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于不受法律評價(jià)的法外空間。第二部分是情誼行為引起侵權(quán)責(zé)任的類型分析。本部分用六個(gè)案例引出了三類典型情誼行為,包括好意同乘、共同飲酒和饋贈(zèng)禮品,在此基礎(chǔ)上從宏觀角度對于情誼行為中各方的侵權(quán)責(zé)任作出法理分析。第三部分是情誼行為引起的侵權(quán)責(zé)任的承擔(dān)。集中論述對于因施惠方面造成受惠方損害的情形中,不能免除侵權(quán)人的責(zé)任,而應(yīng)適用過錯(cuò)責(zé)任歸責(zé)原則,具體分析侵權(quán)責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件以判斷責(zé)任的成立。之后闡述了情誼行為引起侵權(quán)責(zé)任的減免因素,特別提出有必要將情誼因素作為責(zé)任減輕事由。第四部分闡述我國民法調(diào)整情誼行為現(xiàn)狀,并提出完善建議。本部分首先概述我國目前對于情誼行為存在立法空白、司法不統(tǒng)一的狀況,其次基于現(xiàn)狀提出了相應(yīng)法條設(shè)計(jì)建議,并闡述所擬法條的必要性和合理之處,最后結(jié)合對前文案例的分析提出具體的司法適用建議,期望能夠做到同案同判、公平正義。
[Abstract]:The behavior of friendship is carried out for the purpose of forming, maintaining and promoting the good feelings between people, and it lacks the behavior of free altruism which is bound by law. This concept gave rise to the discussion of jurisprudence in self-study circles, which is called Gefalligkeitin German civil law circles, and translated by Chinese mainland scholar Shao Jiandong into "Friendship behavior" when he translated the General Theory of German Civil Law. Friendships are common in everyday life, such as allowing colleagues to ride the windmill, inviting friends to dinner, and babysitting neighbors. This paper focuses on the definition of friendship and its legal consequences. On the one hand, it tries to explore the nature of the act of friendship and its status in the legal system on the basis of a complete definition of the act of friendship, in order to clearly define the act of friendship in judicial practice; on the other hand, through the study of the facts of the case, To divide the types of tort liability caused by friendship act, to establish the dispute settlement mechanism of the tort liability caused by friendship act, and to provide clear system support for resolving the legal dispute caused by friendship act. In terms of structure, this paper can be divided into four parts. The first part is the summary of friendship behavior. This paper tries to define the connotation and extension of friendship behavior, and expounds its three legal characteristics, that is, free of payment, non-self-interest and lack of the intention of being bound by law, so as to come up with the definition of friendship behavior. On this basis, it is discussed that the legal nature of the successfully completed friendship act is different from the legal act and the factual act, and should belong to the extra-legal space which is not subject to legal evaluation. The second part is the type analysis of tort liability caused by friendship act. This part uses six cases to draw out three kinds of typical friendship behavior, including good intentions, common drinking and gifts, on the basis of which the author makes a legal analysis of the tort liability of each party in the friendship act from the macro perspective. The third part is the responsibility of tort caused by friendship act. This paper focuses on the situation that the beneficiary can not be exempted from the liability of the infringer, but should apply the principle of attribution of fault liability, and analyze the constitutive elements of the tort liability in order to judge the establishment of the liability. After that, it expounds the relief factor of tort liability caused by friendship act, especially puts forward the necessity of taking friendship factor as the reason of liability mitigation. The fourth part elaborates our country civil law adjusts the friendship behavior present situation, and puts forward the consummation proposal. This part first summarizes the current situation that there are legislative gaps and judicial disunity for friendship behavior in our country. Secondly, based on the present situation, the author puts forward some suggestions for the design of the corresponding articles, and expounds the necessity and reasonableness of the proposed articles. Finally, combining the analysis of the previous cases, the author puts forward specific suggestions of judicial application, hoping to achieve the same case, fair and just.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：1806858