本文選題：產(chǎn)品缺陷 + 損害賠償��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：以我國《產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量法》與《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》為統(tǒng)領(lǐng),產(chǎn)品缺陷致人損害的法律關(guān)系及其賠償依據(jù)已經(jīng)形成了基本的體系。然而,缺陷產(chǎn)品造成他人損害可能形成復(fù)數(shù)法律關(guān)系、涉及多個(gè)法律主體并產(chǎn)生多種損害賠償請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ),這對當(dāng)事人選擇救濟(jì)的方式與責(zé)任分配的依據(jù)造成了一定困難。因此,通過對立法的梳理、對法律關(guān)系的探討,進(jìn)而明晰缺陷產(chǎn)品致人損害賠償?shù)恼埱髾?quán)基礎(chǔ),對當(dāng)事人救濟(jì)的圓滿實(shí)現(xiàn)意義重大。本文分為引言、正文兩部分,其中正文由如下五部分組成:第一部分:簡要介紹產(chǎn)品缺陷的通行定義及基本類型,明晰產(chǎn)品缺陷致人損害賠償法律關(guān)系的內(nèi)涵。從法律關(guān)系上論述產(chǎn)品缺陷致人損害賠償法律關(guān)系的特征,包括法律主體的多樣性、法律關(guān)系的多重性、法律責(zé)任的復(fù)合性。第二部分:產(chǎn)品缺陷致人損害賠償請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)之比較法概覽。一方面,縱向介紹世界兩大法系關(guān)于產(chǎn)品缺陷致人損害賠償制度的理論沿革。另一方面,對比較法上典型國家及地區(qū)在缺陷產(chǎn)品的界定、民事主體損害賠償?shù)囊罁?jù)、責(zé)任主體及其關(guān)系等立法上的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀作出評述,同時(shí)介紹我國相關(guān)理論沿革與立法現(xiàn)狀。第三部分:產(chǎn)品缺陷致人損害賠償請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)的尋找與檢討。在宏觀的研究思路上,首先,介紹請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)理論“找法”的思維路徑;其次,論述科學(xué)地尋找損害賠償請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)的必要性及意義。在具體法律關(guān)系中,從缺陷產(chǎn)品導(dǎo)致的“損害”出發(fā),通過對損害行為的性質(zhì)、類型及賠償?shù)姆尚ЧM(jìn)行檢討,分析此類因素對當(dāng)事人選擇損害賠償請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)的意義。第四部分:不同賠償權(quán)利主體的損害賠償請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)。以請求權(quán)權(quán)利主體為出發(fā)點(diǎn),對消費(fèi)者、第三人因缺陷產(chǎn)品遭受損害賠償?shù)恼埱髾?quán)基礎(chǔ)及責(zé)任主體間追償?shù)恼埱髾?quán)基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行深入分析。同時(shí),立足我國當(dāng)前立法,結(jié)合司法實(shí)踐與學(xué)理探討,構(gòu)建出第三人的求償路徑及責(zé)任主體間追償?shù)脑瓌t性依據(jù)。第五部分:產(chǎn)品缺陷致人損害賠償?shù)恼埱髾?quán)競合及訴訟選擇。歸納產(chǎn)品缺陷致人損害賠償請求權(quán)競合的情形,排除非競合的情形。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合比較法上對請求權(quán)競合的處理模式,針對我國的立法模式及其在訴訟實(shí)踐中的困惑,從訴訟主體、裁判者及訴訟制度方面提出建議,以緩解競合案例中請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)選擇的困局。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of "Product quality Law" and "Tort liability Law", the legal relationship and compensation basis of damage caused by product defects have formed a basic system. However, the damage caused by defective products may form a plural legal relationship, involving multiple legal subjects and the basis of multiple claims for damages, which makes it difficult for the parties to choose the way of relief and the basis for the distribution of liability. Therefore, it is of great significance for the successful realization of the relief of the parties to clarify the basis of claim for damages caused by defective products by combing the legislation and probing into the legal relations. This paper is divided into two parts: the text is composed of the following five parts: the first part briefly introduces the general definition and basic types of product defects, and clarifies the connotation of the legal relationship of damages caused by product defects. This paper discusses the characteristics of the legal relationship between the product defects and the compensation for damages from the point of view of legal relationship, including the diversity of legal subjects, the multiplicity of legal relations and the compounding of legal liability. The second part: an overview of comparative law on the basis of claim for damages caused by product defects. On the one hand, it introduces the evolution of the system of compensation for damages caused by product defects in two legal systems of the world. On the other hand, it comments on the definition of defective products in typical countries and regions in comparative law, the basis of damage compensation of civil subjects, the development of liability subjects and their relations, and so on. At the same time, it introduces the evolution of relevant theories and the current situation of legislation in China. The third part: the search and review of the basis of claim for damages caused by product defects. In the macroscopic research thought, firstly, it introduces the thinking path of the basic theory of the right of claim "finding the law"; secondly, it discusses the necessity and significance of finding the basis of the claim for damages scientifically. In the specific legal relationship, starting from the "damage" caused by defective products, through the review of the nature, type and legal effect of damages, this paper analyzes the significance of such factors to the parties' choice of the basis of claim for damages. The fourth part: the basis of claim right of different compensation rights. Taking the subject of right of claim as the starting point, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the basis of claim for damages suffered by consumers and third parties due to defective products and the basis of claim for compensation between the subject of liability. At the same time, based on the current legislation of our country, combined with judicial practice and theoretical discussion, this paper constructs the path of the third party's claim and the principle basis of the recovery between the responsible subjects. The fifth part: the right of claim for damages caused by product defects and the choice of litigation. Induces the situation that the product defect causes the person to compensate for damages the right to claim concurrence, excludes the non-competing situation. On the basis of this, combined with the mode of dealing with the concurrence of claims in comparative law, aiming at the legislative model of our country and its confusion in litigation practice, this paper puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of litigation subject, umpire and litigation system. In order to ease the case of competing claims on the basis of choice of difficulties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923;D922.294

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