本文選題：數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù) + 著作權(quán)體系　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：保羅·戈斯汀說過“著作權(quán)從一開始就是技術(shù)之子”,可見媒介技術(shù)深刻影響著作權(quán)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展。隨著媒介技術(shù)的發(fā)展,著作權(quán)的保護領(lǐng)域在不斷擴張、保護強度在通過強化執(zhí)法力度不斷加強。在模擬技術(shù)時代,以復(fù)制權(quán)為權(quán)利核心的著作權(quán)受復(fù)制技術(shù)和復(fù)制載體的影響,尚能夠通過看門人制度調(diào)節(jié)著作權(quán)人利益與公眾利益之間的矛盾,確保雙方共同作出理性選擇生產(chǎn)或購買最接近社會最佳的數(shù)量,即實現(xiàn)帕累托最優(yōu)。數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下,傳統(tǒng)著作權(quán)體系遭遇到前所未有的危機。首先,數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代是令人無法抗拒的時代,是獲取知識最為自由的時代,技術(shù)讓復(fù)制品具有高保真性、便捷性、普遍性。公眾可以任意獲取、使用享有版權(quán)的作品,并且不認為這是違法行為,傳統(tǒng)著作權(quán)體系賴以存在的看門人制度無能為力。其次,網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播低成本、速度快、規(guī)模大的特性,為作品的傳播和利用提供了無限可能,著作權(quán)制度卻有扼殺這種可能的嫌疑。最后,隨著作品創(chuàng)作的大眾參與,即“萬人出版時代”的到來,著作權(quán)歸屬難以確定,著作權(quán)關(guān)系無比復(fù)雜,用戶如果想使用作品就要經(jīng)過很多創(chuàng)作參與者許可同意,作品的使用成本升高、獲得許可的程序也很復(fù)雜。著作權(quán)所保護的作品具有非競爭性和非排他性的特征,屬于經(jīng)濟學(xué)意義上公共物品的范疇。公共物品的提供方式有政府自己提供、政府獎勵或資助個體機構(gòu)提供、商業(yè)特許經(jīng)營三種。傳統(tǒng)著作權(quán)體系屬于商業(yè)特許經(jīng)營提供方式,只是保證優(yōu)秀作品供給的其中一種模式,并不是唯一的。由于數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)對傳統(tǒng)著作權(quán)體系的沖擊,為了尋求解決問題的出路,平衡著作權(quán)人利益與公眾利益,應(yīng)該建立一種以稅收獎勵為主的著作權(quán)體系。以稅收獎勵為主的著作權(quán)體系的建立應(yīng)當從注冊制度、征稅制度、著作權(quán)人獎勵分配制度、著作權(quán)爭端解決制度等入手,并應(yīng)注意處理實施過程中會存在的消費者行為的歪曲、行政自由裁量的監(jiān)督、跨國界問題和是否符合國際公約等四方面問題。
[Abstract]:Paul Gostin said, "copyright is the son of technology from the beginning."With the development of media technology, the field of copyright protection is expanding.In the era of analog technology, the copyright with the right of reproduction as the core is influenced by the reproduction technology and the copy carrier, which can adjust the contradiction between the interests of the copyright owner and the public interest through the gatekeeper system.Make sure both parties make a rational choice to produce or purchase the best quantity, that is, to achieve Pareto optimal.Under the digital network environment, the traditional copyright system encounters unprecedented crisis.First of all, the era of digital network is irresistible, and it is the most free time to acquire knowledge. Technology makes replicas have high fidelity, convenience and universality.The public can access and use copyrighted works at will and do not consider it illegal. The gatekeeper system on which the traditional copyright system is based is powerless.Secondly, the characteristics of low cost, fast speed and large scale of network dissemination offer unlimited possibilities for the dissemination and utilization of works, but the copyright system has the suspicion of stifling this possibility.Finally, with the popular participation in the creation of works, that is, the era of publication of 10,000 people, it is difficult to determine the ownership of copyright, and the copyright relationship is extremely complicated. If users want to use the work, they will have to go through many authoring participants' permission and consent.The cost of using the work has increased, and the process of obtaining a license is complex.The works protected by copyright are non-competitive and non-exclusive and belong to the category of public goods in the sense of economics.Public goods are provided by the government itself, by government incentives or grants to individual organizations, and by commercial franchises.The traditional copyright system belongs to the commercial franchise supply mode, which is only one of the modes to guarantee the supply of excellent works, and is not the only one.Because of the impact of digital network technology on the traditional copyright system, in order to find a way to solve the problem and balance the interests of copyright owners and the public, we should establish a copyright system with tax incentives.The establishment of copyright system based on tax reward should start with registration system, taxation system, distribution system of copyright owner's reward, copyright dispute settlement system and so on, and should pay attention to the distortion of consumer behavior existing in the process of implementation.Supervision of administrative discretion, cross-border issues and compliance with international conventions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.41

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