本文選題：安全保障義務 + 適用條件　； 參考：《南京航空航天大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：安全保障義務寫進《侵權(quán)責任法》意義重大,但是,我國安全保障義務制度體系還存在著范圍過窄、結(jié)構(gòu)混亂、標準不統(tǒng)一等問題。隨著社會生活的發(fā)展,新情況、新問題總有發(fā)生,新的侵權(quán)行為、新的損害后果會不斷出現(xiàn),相應地,我們應當適當調(diào)整現(xiàn)有法律的結(jié)構(gòu),或者用司法解釋的形式不斷補充完善安全保障義務法律規(guī)定,使其更加明確規(guī)范,操作性更強,減少各地法院同案不同判的情形,充分保護安全保障義務人和權(quán)利人的合法權(quán)益,做到法律效果和社會效果的協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一,讓安全保障義務作為一把懸頭利劍,規(guī)范公共秩序,維護社會安定,穩(wěn)定人心。我國《侵權(quán)責任法》對公共場所的列舉有限,司法實務中案例發(fā)生的場所更加多樣。安全保障義務與附隨義務、合同義務等概念有相近之處,但存在著實質(zhì)性的區(qū)別,它是一個獨立的法定義務。安全保障義務的內(nèi)容包括設施、設備、儀器、管線的安全保障,緊急通道、逃生通道、防火設施的配置,為預防、及時發(fā)現(xiàn)和控制險情而采取的人員指揮調(diào)度措施和疏導監(jiān)控措施,對于特殊人群要有特殊的防險預案和措施,第三人侵權(quán)情況的預警、防范和協(xié)助救助措施等幾個方面�！翱刂普f”是管理者和組織者應當承擔責任的重要理由依據(jù)。承擔未盡安全保障義務責任衡量因素包括公共場所開放情況、危險來源、救護人員的專業(yè)程度、責任人對已發(fā)生損害的預防、救助表現(xiàn)、責任人獲利情況等。我國當前安全保障義務的適用范圍僅局限于特定的不作為侵權(quán)案件,我們應當將其適當拓展,為更多的間接侵權(quán)案件提供理論基礎和法律依據(jù)。目前,各地法院對安全保障義務相關案件的裁決雖然標準不盡統(tǒng)一,但是呈現(xiàn)出相似的裁判規(guī)則,保障了糾紛解決的公平性。第三人侵權(quán)情況下安全保障義務人的補充責任在《侵權(quán)責任法》中有明確的規(guī)定,實務中義務人在其過錯范圍內(nèi)承擔相應的安全保障義務,并且可以向直接侵權(quán)的第三人追償。結(jié)合相關理論分析,以判決案例為指引,將該類案件的幾個要點予以明確,并在立法推進中適當借鑒其他國家的相應規(guī)定,構(gòu)建一套完善的安全保障義務法律機制,是當務之急。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance to write the security obligation into the Tort liability Law. However, there are still some problems in the system of security obligation in our country, such as too narrow scope, chaotic structure and inconsistent standards.With the development of social life, new situations and new problems will always occur, new violations and new injurious consequences will continue to emerge. Accordingly, we should adjust the structure of the existing laws appropriately.Or by using the form of judicial interpretation to constantly supplement and improve the legal provisions on security obligations, to make them more clear and standardized, to make them more operable, and to reduce the situation of different judgments of local courts in the same case.We should fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the security obligor and the obligee, harmonize the legal effect with the social effect, and let the duty of safety guarantee serve as a sword to regulate public order, maintain social stability and stabilize the people's mind.The tort liability law of our country has limited enumeration of public places, and the places where cases occur in judicial practice are more diverse.The concept of security obligation is similar to collateral obligation and contract obligation, but there are substantial differences between them. It is an independent legal obligation.The contents of the safety and security obligations include the safety and security of facilities, equipment, instruments, pipelines, emergency access, escape channels, fire prevention facilities, for the purpose of prevention,The personnel command and dispatch measures and dredging and monitoring measures taken in time to discover and control the danger situation should have special prevention plans and measures for the special crowd, early warning of the infringement of the third party, prevention and assistance measures, and so on.Control theory is an important reason for managers and organizers to take responsibility.The factors to measure the responsibility of failing to fulfill the duty of safety and security include the opening of public places, the source of danger, the professional degree of ambulance personnel, the prevention of damage caused by the responsible person, the rescue performance, the profit situation of the responsible person, and so on.The scope of application of our country's current security obligation is limited to specific cases of omission infringement. We should expand it properly to provide theoretical basis and legal basis for more indirect infringement cases.At present, courts in various places have different standards in deciding cases related to security obligations, but there are similar rules of adjudication, which ensures the fairness of dispute resolution.The supplementary liability of the security obligor in the case of tort by the third party is clearly stipulated in the Tort liability Law. In practice, the obligor bears the corresponding obligation of safety and security within the limits of his fault, and can recover compensation from the third party who has directly infringed.Combined with the relevant theoretical analysis, with the judgment case as the guide, the key points of this kind of cases are made clear, and the corresponding provisions of other countries are appropriately used for reference in the legislative advancement, and a set of perfect legal mechanism of security obligation is constructed.It is a top priority.
【學位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D923
，

本文編號：1749646