發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-03 19:37

  本文選題：雇主責(zé)任承擔(dān)　切入點(diǎn)：雇傭關(guān)系　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：雇主替代責(zé)任承擔(dān),廣義上是指,雇主就雇員在雇傭活動中致第三人損害的侵權(quán)行為以及雇員在雇傭活動中自己遭受損害所承擔(dān)責(zé)任的行為。而狹義上的雇主替代責(zé)任承擔(dān),僅指雇主就雇員在雇傭活動中致第三人損害的侵權(quán)行為承擔(dān)責(zé)任。具體而言,本文所稱的雇主替代責(zé)任的承擔(dān)是指用人者(雇主)對被使用者(雇員)在雇傭活動中對第三人的致害行為,所承擔(dān)的侵權(quán)責(zé)任。雇主替代責(zé)任最早源于西方國家,而我國對于雇主替代責(zé)任,在《民法通則》《民通意見》中并沒有明確規(guī)定,解決此類問題僅根據(jù)《人身損害賠償司法解釋》有關(guān)規(guī)定。然而在《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》的有關(guān)規(guī)定中,并未對雇主替代責(zé)任進(jìn)行明確規(guī)定,而是從用人單位的角度進(jìn)行分析。由于相關(guān)的法律規(guī)范對主體和行為特定性表述存在一定的局限性,難以適用于實(shí)際生活中的司法案例,因此對于雇主替代責(zé)任中雇主承擔(dān)責(zé)任的理論依據(jù)以及承擔(dān)方式需要進(jìn)一步的深究。本文在前者的基礎(chǔ)之上,首先,對雇主替代責(zé)任的概念進(jìn)行簡單概述,來論述雇主替代責(zé)任的承擔(dān)。其次,在對雇主承擔(dān)替代責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則進(jìn)行闡述時(shí),對于存在的不同觀點(diǎn)表述,認(rèn)為雇主替代責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則應(yīng)為無過錯責(zé)任。因?yàn)?單就雇主對雇員的侵權(quán)行為是否有無管理上的過錯,雇主在雇傭關(guān)系中的地位,決定了雇主作為第一責(zé)任承擔(dān)的主體。本文在雇主替代責(zé)任的承擔(dān)方式中,分析了外部責(zé)任和內(nèi)部責(zé)任,并分析特殊形式的責(zé)任承擔(dān)主體,根據(jù)不同的法律規(guī)定以及出于對受害人權(quán)利的保護(hù)和雇員的立場出發(fā),得出相同的責(zé)任承擔(dān)主體,指出雇主作為外部承擔(dān)主體的第一責(zé)任人。在存在一定的條件之上,在從事雇傭合同中對于雇主不存在過錯,雇員存在重大過錯或者故意的過程中,允許雇主對雇員享有的內(nèi)部追償權(quán)。對于雇主承擔(dān)責(zé)任后的權(quán)利救濟(jì)方式,根據(jù)我國現(xiàn)存的法律規(guī)定以及司法解釋,進(jìn)一步規(guī)定雇主對雇員享有追償權(quán)的合理性進(jìn)行分析,通過對雇主責(zé)任險(xiǎn)的設(shè)立,來論述我國雇主在承擔(dān)責(zé)任賠償后的權(quán)利救濟(jì)方式,在保障受害人的合法權(quán)益同時(shí),也能夠更好的保障雇主的合法權(quán)益以及社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中雇傭關(guān)系的正常運(yùn)行。本文除引言和結(jié)論外,全文共分為四部分。第一部分主要對雇主、雇員的概念進(jìn)行簡單的概括,根據(jù)英美法系和大陸法系中的概念的不同表述,以及我國相關(guān)法律中對雇主替代責(zé)任的規(guī)定,得出雇主替代責(zé)任的承擔(dān)必須建立在職務(wù)范圍內(nèi)。第二部分主要是對雇主承擔(dān)替代責(zé)任的理論依據(jù)進(jìn)行概括。并分析了存在的兩種形式雇主替代責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件以及雇主在不同歸責(zé)原則方式下的責(zé)任承擔(dān)。在雇主替代責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件,對于雇主與雇員二者之間雇傭關(guān)系的存在;雇員實(shí)施的過錯侵權(quán)行為;侵權(quán)行為屬于雇員的職務(wù)范圍;侵權(quán)行為與損害結(jié)果之間具有因果聯(lián)系幾種形式下以及雇主在無過錯的原則下所承擔(dān)的替代責(zé)任,通過無過錯責(zé)任歸責(zé)原則、過錯推定原則以及過錯責(zé)任與衡平責(zé)任相結(jié)合的責(zé)任原則對比分析,適用無過錯責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則適應(yīng)我國雇主替代責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則,符合各國歷來的歷史發(fā)展趨勢。兩種條件的有效存在可以作為雇主承擔(dān)替代責(zé)任的理論基礎(chǔ)。第三部分主要是對雇主在承擔(dān)替代責(zé)任方式的重點(diǎn)論述�；趶氖芎θ藱�(quán)益利益和雇員所處的社會地位考慮,認(rèn)為,只有雇主作為第一的責(zé)任承擔(dān)主體時(shí),才符合雇主承擔(dān)替代責(zé)任的性質(zhì)。雇主的責(zé)任承擔(dān)包括外部責(zé)任和內(nèi)部責(zé)任兩種情形,分析了外部情形中,在雇主承擔(dān)責(zé)任下存在的免責(zé)事由和雇主權(quán)益的法律救濟(jì)途徑。對于雇主與雇員內(nèi)部的責(zé)任承擔(dān),可以通過法律規(guī)定的形式,確定雇主對雇員的追償權(quán),但是對于追償權(quán)的立法規(guī)定在司法實(shí)踐中還存在爭議。我國通過借鑒國內(nèi)外先進(jìn)的有關(guān)立法規(guī)定和司法經(jīng)驗(yàn),對追償權(quán)行使加以立法規(guī)定,來權(quán)衡雇主、雇員和第三人之間的關(guān)系,也可以通過二者之間的合同約定或者以立法的形式確定追償權(quán)的設(shè)立。關(guān)于追償數(shù)額的確定,根據(jù)對于結(jié)果發(fā)生的概率以及之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任能力來確定賠償金額的范圍,減少雇主的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,可以使雇主更好地行使自己的合法權(quán)利,來減輕在無過錯歸責(zé)原則下雇主的責(zé)任。第四部分主要分析了特殊情形下,在勞務(wù)派遣中、企業(yè)和公司之間、義務(wù)幫工和志愿者服務(wù)過程中以及雇員的犯罪行為所造成損失的責(zé)任承擔(dān)。認(rèn)為在存在雇員的犯罪行為所造成損失的責(zé)任承擔(dān)中,雇員的犯罪行為不受控于雇主,受自己意志所支配,應(yīng)就責(zé)任損失獨(dú)立承擔(dān)。對于涉及刑事責(zé)任中的民事賠償問題,也應(yīng)歸因自己的行為。如果由雇主承擔(dān)責(zé)任,不符合雇主承擔(dān)替代責(zé)任的理論。
[Abstract]:Vicarious responsibility broadly refers to employers, employees in employment activities caused by damage to the third party infringement and employees in employment activities in their own damage responsibility behavior. The employer vicarious liability in narrow sense refers only to bear, employees in employment activities caused by damage to the third party's infringement the behavior of responsibility. Specifically, the employer vicarious liability refers to the employer (the employer) to the user (employees) in employment activities of third of the damage caused by the behavior, tort responsibility. Vicarious liability originated from western countries and our country for alternative employers responsibility in "general principles of civil law > > in the views of the people through is not clearly defined, only to solve these problems according to the judicial interpretation of personal injury compensation provisions. However in < > > of the relevant provisions of the tort liability law, not to replace the employer The responsibility clearly defined, but are analyzed from the employer's perspective. Because legal norms related to the specific subject and behavior expression has certain limitation, it is difficult to apply to the actual life of the judicial case, so the employer vicarious liability in theory of responsibility and commitment needs to be further explored. In this paper, on the basis of the former, first of all, a brief overview of the concept of vicarious liability of employers, undertake to discuss the employer's vicarious liability. Secondly, elaborated on the imputation principle of employer vicarious liability, for the different views expressed, that the imputation principle of employer vicarious liability should be liability without fault because single infringement of employer to employee whether there is no management on the fault status of employers in the employment relationship, the employer decided as the first responsibility of the principal This way. Take on the employer's vicarious liability, analyzes the external responsibility and internal responsibility, and analyze the special form of responsibility, on the basis of different legal provisions for the protection of employees and positions and rights of victims, the same responsibility main body, points out that the first responsibility of the employer as the external subject. In the presence of certain conditions, engaged in employment contract for the employee employer there is no fault, there is a major fault or intentional process, allowing employers to employees enjoy the right of recourse. To employers liability remedies, according to China's existing legal provisions and judicial interpretation, further provisions employers have the right to recover the employee's rationality is analyzed, through the establishment of employer's liability insurance, to discuss China's rights in the employer liable for damages after At the same time in the way of relief, and protect the legitimate rights and interests, but also to the normal operation of the employment relationship and better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the employer, in the socialist market economy. Besides the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into four parts. The first part is mainly to employers, employees of the concept of the simple generalization, according to the different representation of concept of Anglo American in the law system and the continental law system, and the provisions of vicarious liability in China law, assume that the employer's vicarious liability must be based on their duties within the scope. The second part is mainly on the theoretical basis of employer vicarious liability bearing are summarized. And the analysis of the two types of employers are elements of vicarious liability and employer liability in different imputation principles under commitment. The employer vicarious liability elements, the employment relationship between employers and employees of the two. In the implementation of the employee; fault tort; tort belongs to the scope of duties of employee; vicarious liability has a causal relationship in forms and employer in the no fault principle between the tort and the damage results, through no fault liability principle, the principle of presumption of fault liability principle analysis and comparison of fault liability and equitable liability combining the imputation principle of liability without fault to the imputation principle of vicarious liability of employers, conform to the historical trend of every country has been effectively. There are two kinds of conditions can bear the theoretic basis of vicarious liability as the employer. The third part is mainly to the employer in the bear focuses on vicarious liability. Considering the way and from the victims' rights and interests of employees based on the social status, only the employer as the first responsibility of the principal, to comply with the employer to bear for The nature of generation responsibility. The responsibility of employers including external liability and internal liability in two cases, analysis of the external circumstances, remedy the employer responsibility exemption and employers are free of the legal rights. For the employer and the employee's responsibility, through the form of the law, determine employers right to recourse employees, but the legislation for the right of recourse is controversial in the judicial practice in our country. By referring to relevant legislation and judicial experience of domestic and foreign advanced legislation, the provisions of the exercise of the right of recourse, to balance the relationship between employees and employers, third people, can also set up between the two contract or in the form of legislation to determine the right of recourse. Determination of recovery amount, to determine the scope of damages according to the ability of economic responsibility for the probability of occurrence and the, The employer to reduce economic losses, allows employers to better exercise their legitimate rights, to reduce the employer in under the principle of liability without fault liability. The fourth part mainly analyzes the special conditions in labor dispatch, between enterprises and companies, and volunteer service obligations helper process and employee behavior caused by crime the loss of responsibility. That caused by the loss in the criminal offence employee responsibility, criminal behavior of employees not controlled by the employer, by their own will should be governed independently. Loss of responsibility involving civil compensation in criminal responsibility, also should be attributed to their behavior. If the employer shall bear the responsibility that does not comply with the employer vicarious liability theory.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923

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