本文選題：按份共有　切入點(diǎn)：應(yīng)有部分　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：根據(jù)我國(guó)《物權(quán)法》的規(guī)定,共有分為按份共有和共同共有,而按份共有更為具有典型性。與共同共有相比,按份共有原理更為復(fù)雜,權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系更加繁瑣。明確了按份共有的基本規(guī)則,就可以舉重以明輕,明確共同共有的規(guī)則。那么,在按份共有中,按份共有人如何處分自己的應(yīng)有部分就變得更為重要。應(yīng)有部分具有抽象性,其處分也是偏向理論性,為了化抽象為具體,本文將通過理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的方式來(lái)論述應(yīng)有部分的處分。文章開始通過案例引入,案例主要涉及在應(yīng)有部分上設(shè)定抵押、轉(zhuǎn)讓及優(yōu)先購(gòu)買權(quán)、共有物的分出等。此外,對(duì)于應(yīng)有部分各個(gè)具體的處分,也盡可能的通過舉例來(lái)幫助理解,加以證明其存在的合理性。第一部分是有關(guān)按份共有的概述,涉及按份共有,應(yīng)有部分的基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)。主要介紹了按份共有的概念、特征、發(fā)生原因;應(yīng)有部分的概念、性質(zhì);應(yīng)有部分的處分所涵蓋的范圍等,為下文詳細(xì)介紹應(yīng)有部分的處分做理論鋪墊。按份共有的應(yīng)有部分是最接近于單獨(dú)所有權(quán)的一種共有形態(tài)。應(yīng)有部分是抽象的,也就是說,按份共有人的權(quán)利義務(wù)并不局限在某一個(gè)部分上,而是及于整個(gè)共有財(cái)產(chǎn),不能具體特定。應(yīng)有部分是按份共有人行使權(quán)利的基礎(chǔ),應(yīng)有部分的處分是研究的重點(diǎn)。第二到五部分是文章的核心內(nèi)容,也就是文章針對(duì)應(yīng)有部分的處分權(quán)具體討論的問題。處分包含事實(shí)上的處分及法律上的處分,因應(yīng)有部分抽象存在于整個(gè)共有物,事實(shí)處分將損害其他共有人的權(quán)益。文章所討論的應(yīng)有部分的處分只能為法律上的處分,包括分出、轉(zhuǎn)讓、設(shè)定負(fù)擔(dān)、出租、拋棄等。第一,關(guān)于分出,如果按份共有人沒有關(guān)于限制分割的約定,那么共有人就可以要求分出。第二,關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)讓,應(yīng)當(dāng)不僅包括有償轉(zhuǎn)讓,也包括無(wú)償贈(zèng)與;而在有償轉(zhuǎn)讓情況下,又涉及到其他按份共有人優(yōu)先購(gòu)買權(quán)。第三,關(guān)于設(shè)定負(fù)擔(dān),分為擔(dān)保物權(quán)和用益物權(quán),在擔(dān)保物權(quán)里討論了抵押和質(zhì)押以及與其相關(guān)的問題,筆者認(rèn)為,在應(yīng)有部分之上是可以設(shè)定抵押權(quán)和質(zhì)權(quán)的。對(duì)于用益物權(quán)的設(shè)定,學(xué)者有所爭(zhēng)議,但筆者認(rèn)為,并非不可設(shè)定,在一定情況下,會(huì)存在在應(yīng)有部分設(shè)定用益物權(quán)的情形,文章有所舉例。第四,關(guān)于出租,探討了出租存在的必要及例證。第五,關(guān)于拋棄,主要談及拋棄后應(yīng)有部分的歸屬問題,出于提高物的利用效率、避免發(fā)生糾紛等目的,被拋棄的應(yīng)有部分應(yīng)當(dāng)歸其他按份共有人所有。文章的尾語(yǔ)部分,針對(duì)文章一開始案例所提出的問題,結(jié)合整個(gè)上文對(duì)應(yīng)有部分處分的論證,做出了分析,提出了處理方案,希望對(duì)之后此類案件的處理有參考意義。
[Abstract]:According to the provisions of the Real right Law of our country, the common ownership is divided into two categories: the co-ownership and the co-ownership, and the co-ownership is more typical. Compared with the co-ownership, the principle of co-ownership is more complex. The relationship between rights and obligations is more complicated. By defining the basic rules of sharing by share, you can lift weights with light weight and clear rules of common ownership. It becomes even more important how to dispose of one's due part, which is abstract, and its disposition is also theoretical, in order to turn it into concrete. This article will discuss the proper part of the disposition by combining theory with practice. The article begins with the introduction of cases, which mainly involve the setting of mortgage, transfer and preemptive right, the division of common property, etc. To the extent possible, to the extent possible, to assist in understanding and justifying the existence of each specific disposition of the appropriate part... the first part is an overview of the sharing of shares by share, which involves the sharing of shares by share, It mainly introduces the concept, characteristics, causes of occurrence, the concept and nature of the due part, the scope of the punishment of the due part, etc. Lay the groundwork for the following detailed description of the disposition of the due part. The shared part is a common form closest to individual ownership. The proper part is abstract, that is, The rights and obligations of the co-owners are not limited to a particular part, but rather to the whole common property and cannot be specified... and shall be the basis for the exercise of the rights by the co-owners, The second to fifth parts are the core contents of the article, that is, the specific issues discussed in the article in view of the due part of the right of disposition. The punishment includes the de facto punishment and the legal sanction. In view of the fact that a part of the abstract exists in the whole common property, the actual disposition will impair the rights and interests of the other co-owners. The appropriate part of the punishment discussed in this article can only be a legal disposition, including division, transfer, setting a burden, renting out, First, about division, if there is no agreement on limiting division, then the co-owner can ask for separation. Second, regarding transfer, it should include not only the transfer with compensation, but also the gratuitous gift; In the case of a compensated transfer, it involves the preemptive right of other co-owners. Third, the burden of creation is divided into security interests and usufruct interests. In the case of security interests, the issues of mortgage and pledge and their related issues are discussed. The author thinks that mortgage and pledge can be set up on the basis of due part. The scholars dispute about the setting of usufruct right, but the author thinks that it is not impossible to set, under certain circumstances, There are some examples in this paper. Fourth, about leasing, the paper discusses the necessity and example of the existence of lease. Fifth, about abandonment, it mainly talks about the ownership of the part after abandonment. For the purpose of improving the efficiency of material utilization and avoiding disputes, the abandoned parts should be owned by other co-owners. The last part of the article, according to the questions raised in the case at the beginning of the article, Combined with the whole argument of the corresponding part of punishment above, this paper makes an analysis and puts forward a solution, hoping that it will be of reference significance to the treatment of this kind of cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.2

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