本文選題：懸賞廣告　切入點(diǎn)：尋物啟事　出處：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：尋物啟事是懸賞廣告中一種最為常見的形式,它通過各種媒體的傳播,出現(xiàn)在人們的視線中,被公眾所熟知。尋物啟事同時(shí)也具有法律效力,尋物人在尋物啟事中所許諾的報(bào)酬,使得完成特定行為的行為人,也即該行為人尋得了遺失物并向?qū)の锶私桓逗?就根據(jù)承諾而獲得報(bào)酬請(qǐng)求權(quán)。對(duì)此,我國對(duì)尋物啟事這一具有法律效力的現(xiàn)象的立法還不完善,僅僅只是在《中華人民共和國物權(quán)法》第一百一十二條及《最高人民法院關(guān)于適用中華人民共和國合同法若干問題的解釋(二)》第三條中進(jìn)行了規(guī)定,導(dǎo)致尋物啟事缺乏法律法規(guī)的調(diào)控,以至于此種平等主體之間在遭遇到因?qū)の飭⑹露鸬膱?bào)酬請(qǐng)求權(quán)糾紛時(shí),不能通過現(xiàn)有法律法規(guī)的規(guī)定來預(yù)測(cè)行為后果和評(píng)價(jià)行為本身。立法上的空缺,也導(dǎo)致了司法實(shí)踐中做法的不一。對(duì)此,有必要在尋物啟事領(lǐng)域進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行深入研究。尋物啟事在法律性質(zhì)屬于懸賞廣告中的一種,在懸賞廣告的法律性質(zhì)上,學(xué)界通常有兩類觀點(diǎn),分別為:契約說和單獨(dú)行為說。契約說,也即認(rèn)為懸賞廣告屬于合同關(guān)系;單獨(dú)行為說,則認(rèn)為懸賞廣告成立了單獨(dú)行為。兩種理論各有利弊優(yōu)劣,而在我國司法實(shí)踐中,更為傾向的是契約說。在外國立法例中,大陸法系和英美法系各自具有獨(dú)立的法律體系,并且在合同的界定、要約和承諾的看法等方面其實(shí)均存在差異,故而其各自更傾向于不同的學(xué)說。大陸法系中多數(shù)國家（地區(qū)）采取的是單獨(dú)行為說,而在英美法系中,其在懸賞廣告問題上主要通過單諾合同和雙諾合同的不同類型來解決。針對(duì)懸賞廣告中懸賞人和完成特定行為的行為人之間在要約和承諾方面的特殊性,英美法系通過單諾合同的形式來對(duì)應(yīng)單獨(dú)行為說,因?yàn)槠錄]有單獨(dú)行為的概念,所以將懸賞廣告整體視為契約關(guān)系的一種而對(duì)待。在我國,從司法實(shí)踐和立法趨勢(shì)上看,契約說更占主流。因此,從契約說角度出發(fā),有必要繼續(xù)對(duì)尋物啟事的成立及生效、尋物啟事中當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利義務(wù)和行為人的報(bào)酬請(qǐng)求權(quán)進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行分析。此外,尋物啟事的一些制度有待在立法中進(jìn)一步完善,其分別為尋物啟事的發(fā)布、撤銷制度,尋物啟事報(bào)酬的認(rèn)定制度和尋物啟事無效時(shí)的救濟(jì)制度等。對(duì)此理論的深入分析,將有助于立法上的進(jìn)一步完善和司法實(shí)踐操作中的統(tǒng)一化。
[Abstract]:The advertisement of seeking things is one of the most common forms in the advertisement of offering a reward. It appears in the sight of people and is well known to the public through the spread of various media. The remuneration promised by the seeker in the notice of the search, so that the person who has completed a particular act, that is, the person who has found the lost property and delivered it to the seeker, shall be entitled to a claim for compensation on the basis of the promise... The legislation of our country on the phenomenon of seeking for material and advertisement with legal effect is not perfect. Only in Article 112 of the Law of the people's Republic of China on property Rights and in the interpretation of certain issues concerning the application of contract law of the people's Republic of China by the Supreme people's Court (2) > Article 3, This leads to the lack of regulation of laws and regulations in respect of material seeking notices, so that when such equal subjects encounter disputes over compensation claims arising from material seeking notices, It is not possible to predict the consequences of conduct and evaluate the behavior itself through the provisions of existing laws and regulations. The lack of legislation also leads to different practices in judicial practice. It is necessary to carry out further research in the field of seeking material advertisement. In the legal nature of the advertisement, there are usually two kinds of viewpoints in the legal nature of the reward advertisement. They are: contract theory and individual act theory. Contract theory, that is to say, the reward advertisement belongs to the contract relationship, and the individual act theory holds that the reward advertisement has established a separate act. The two theories have their advantages and disadvantages, but in our country's judicial practice, the two theories have their advantages and disadvantages, but in our country's judicial practice, the two theories have their advantages and disadvantages. In the case of foreign legislation, the civil law system and the common law system have their own independent legal systems, and in fact, there are differences in the definition of the contract, the views of offer and acceptance, etc. Most countries (regions) in the civil law system adopt the doctrine of individual act, while in the common law system, The problem of reward advertisement is mainly solved by the different types of contract and contract. In view of the particularity of offer and acceptance between the reward person and the actor who has completed a specific act in the reward advertisement, The Anglo-American law system corresponds to the individual act theory through the form of single contract. Because it has no concept of individual act, it treats the reward advertisement as a whole as a contractual relationship. In our country, from the point of view of judicial practice and legislative trend, Therefore, from the perspective of contract theory, it is necessary to continue to analyze the establishment and effectiveness of the material seeking notice, the rights and obligations of the parties and the compensation claim of the actor. Some systems of seeking material notice need to be further perfected in the legislation. They are the publication of seeking material notice, the revocation system, the recognition system of the reward for seeking material notice and the relief system when the material seeking notice is invalid, etc. This paper makes a thorough analysis of this theory. It will be helpful to the further perfection of legislation and the unification of judicial practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.2

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