本文選題：附保護(hù)第三人作用合同　切入點(diǎn)：第三人范圍　出處：《廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：如何對合同外第三人進(jìn)行保護(hù)一直以來是各國法律所重視的問題。在我國將責(zé)任劃分為合同責(zé)任和侵權(quán)責(zé)任的前提下,一般將合同外第三人納入侵權(quán)行為法的保護(hù)范圍。然而社會(huì)生活和司法實(shí)踐中,僅僅只靠侵權(quán)法來保護(hù)日益復(fù)雜的民事關(guān)系中的第三人已然不夠,那么能否通過其他途徑對合同外的第三人加以保護(hù)成為本文研究的問題�！奖Ｗo(hù)第三人作用合同制度’某種意義上,在我國法律對合同外第三人的保護(hù)不足問題的改善提供思路。這項(xiàng)制度的基本內(nèi)涵是,在債務(wù)人可預(yù)見范圍內(nèi),若存在一個(gè)特殊的第三人——即該第三人與合同債權(quán)人之間存在某種特殊關(guān)系,從而使債務(wù)人應(yīng)對其負(fù)有照顧、保護(hù)、通知等附隨義務(wù)。產(chǎn)生這項(xiàng)義務(wù)的法理依據(jù)是合同法上的誠實(shí)信用原則。債務(wù)人合同行為的履行涉及第三人時(shí),債務(wù)人根據(jù)誠信對第三人也應(yīng)承擔(dān)等價(jià)于對債權(quán)人的注意義務(wù);同時(shí)該制度同時(shí)也突破了合同相對性,使特定的合同關(guān)系包括保護(hù)第三人的功能。我國《合同法》第6條規(guī)定了誠實(shí)信用原則,同時(shí)也存在一些合同制度上對合同相對性原則的突破的情況,在理論基礎(chǔ)上,我國是有可以適用或者借鑒‘附保護(hù)第三人作用合同’制度的基礎(chǔ)的。在實(shí)際操作層面上分析,雖然借鑒‘附保護(hù)第三人作用合同制度’會(huì)模糊我國現(xiàn)行法律下合同責(zé)任和侵權(quán)責(zé)任的界限,但實(shí)踐中我國對責(zé)任競合的規(guī)定使違約責(zé)任和侵權(quán)責(zé)任有重合,若在所有情況下僅機(jī)械將所有合同外第三人遭受債務(wù)人合同行為的損害劃歸侵權(quán)法保護(hù)則會(huì)降低當(dāng)事人得到救濟(jì)的可能性;其次,雖然借鑒該制度會(huì)不可避免的出現(xiàn)如何確定第三人的范圍的問題。本文認(rèn)為,第三人范圍的確定一直是該制度不能完美解決的問題,用法律條文窮盡其范圍很困難,可以對合同法中相應(yīng)條款進(jìn)行擴(kuò)張解釋來解決。另外‘附保護(hù)第三人作用合同制度’重點(diǎn)在于提供給合同外第三人以合同責(zé)任形式要求債務(wù)人承擔(dān)責(zé)任的權(quán)利,因此我國法律要借鑒的不是這個(gè)制度本身,而是為什么要構(gòu)建制度的目的。對于我國現(xiàn)行法律而言,更好的保護(hù)第三人的方式是賦予第三人自由選擇請求權(quán)的權(quán)利,使其根據(jù)案件本身和自己的情況及訴求去請求救濟(jì),這種方式對當(dāng)事人而言更為恰當(dāng),同時(shí)對我國對第三人的保護(hù)目的及法律適用彈性都有很大的意義。
[Abstract]:How to protect the third party outside the contract has always been an important issue in the national law. Under the premise of dividing the liability into contract liability and tort liability in our country, Generally, the third person outside the contract is brought into the protection scope of tort law. However, in social life and judicial practice, it is no longer enough to protect the third person in the increasingly complicated civil relations only by tort law. Well, whether or not the third party outside the contract can be protected through other means has become the problem studied in this paper. 'the contract system of the role of the third party attached to the protection of the third party' is in a sense. The basic connotation of this system is that, within the foreseeable scope of the debtor, the basic connotation of this system is that, If there is a special third party-that is, there is a special relationship between that third party and the creditor of the contract, so that the debtor should take care of and protect it, The legal basis of this obligation is the principle of good faith in contract law. When the performance of the debtor's contract involves a third party, the debtor should also bear the duty of care to the third party according to good faith. At the same time, the system also breaks through the relativity of contract, which makes the specific contractual relationship include the function of protecting the third party. Article 6 of the contract Law of our country stipulates the principle of good faith. At the same time, there are some breakthroughs in contract system to the principle of relativity of contract. On the basis of theory, our country can apply or draw lessons from the system of "protect the third party's role contract". Although drawing lessons from the contract system of "protect the third party's role" will blur the boundary between the contract liability and the tort liability under the current law of our country, but in practice our country's stipulation of the concurrence of the liability makes the liability of breach of contract and the liability of tort overlap. If, in all cases, only the damage to the third party other than the contract suffered by the debtor's contractual act is attributed to the protection of the tort law, the possibility of the party receiving relief will be reduced; secondly, Although the problem of how to determine the scope of the third party will inevitably arise from the system, this paper holds that the determination of the scope of the third party has always been a problem which cannot be solved perfectly by the system, and it is very difficult to exhaust its scope with legal provisions. In addition, the emphasis of the contract system is to provide the third party outside the contract with the right to require the debtor to assume liability in the form of contractual liability. Therefore, what the law of our country should learn from is not the system itself, but the purpose of constructing the system. As far as the current law of our country is concerned, the better way to protect the third party is to give the third party the right to freely choose the right of claim. It is more appropriate for the parties to apply for relief according to the case itself and their own circumstances and demands. At the same time, it is of great significance to the purpose of protection and the flexibility of the application of the law to the third party in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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