本文選題：侵權(quán)責(zé)任法　切入點(diǎn)：侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：連帶責(zé)任作為傳統(tǒng)民法中的一項(xiàng)重要責(zé)任制度,旨在對受害人補(bǔ)償救濟(jì),加重侵權(quán)責(zé)任人法律責(zé)任,有效保障受害人合法權(quán)益。連帶責(zé)任主要基于侵權(quán)、合伙、保證、代理等多種行為產(chǎn)生,分散規(guī)定在《民法通則》、《合同法》、《擔(dān)保法》和《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》等法律法規(guī)及司法解釋中。近年來,因侵權(quán)行為產(chǎn)生的連帶責(zé)任越來越多,其具體適用情況也在不斷適應(yīng)案件的復(fù)雜多變,相關(guān)的法律條文也越來越多。誠然,法律具有可變性,其不斷發(fā)展會解決多數(shù)侵權(quán)案件糾紛。但由于法律在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)的滯后性,許多侵權(quán)案件的處理結(jié)果仍存在問題,這一點(diǎn)在侵權(quán)案件中,即涉及侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任時(shí)尤為明顯。因此,侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任作為連帶責(zé)任的重要類型,值得深入研究與思考。本文中所提及的侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任是指基于侵權(quán)行為而在當(dāng)事人之間產(chǎn)生的連帶責(zé)任,研究范圍主要限定于我國《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》中所涉及的連帶責(zé)任。就我國目前法律來說,有關(guān)侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任的規(guī)定多體現(xiàn)在《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》之中,此類規(guī)定相較《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》頒布前的諸多法律而言,內(nèi)容更加新穎,概括更加全面,規(guī)定更加詳細(xì)。侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任作為《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》的重要內(nèi)容,涉及到的法律條文多達(dá)11條,并分布于5個(gè)章節(jié),貫穿整部法律。作為連帶責(zé)任的重要類型,侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任在其責(zé)任承擔(dān)方面包含兩種法律關(guān)系,即外部效力與內(nèi)部效力。外部效力主要解決各侵權(quán)責(zé)任人對受害人的賠償問題,內(nèi)部效力則關(guān)注各侵權(quán)責(zé)任人之間的責(zé)任分擔(dān)問題。侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任的適用在理論上較為簡單,但在實(shí)際的司法實(shí)踐中卻十分復(fù)雜,尤其是在關(guān)于各侵權(quán)責(zé)任人的內(nèi)部求償權(quán)方面,通常得不到及時(shí)、有效的解決。因此,筆者將我國《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》中所涉及連帶責(zé)任的相關(guān)規(guī)定作為研究對象進(jìn)行分析,試圖以其內(nèi)容為重點(diǎn),在理論與司法實(shí)踐方面進(jìn)行深刻闡述。本文主要分為六個(gè)部分:第一部分:國外侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任制度規(guī)定。探索侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任在羅馬法時(shí)期的起源,表明侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任制度從民刑混雜的立法條例逐漸發(fā)展為一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的民法責(zé)任制度并最終走向繁榮的歷史進(jìn)程。大陸法系主要以法國、德國為主,英美法系則以英國、美國為典型代表。通過分析各國立法與判例,介紹侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任在西方先進(jìn)國家的發(fā)展,分析其在西方不同國家的演變形式及其立法設(shè)計(jì)與邏輯構(gòu)造。第二部分:中國歷史上的侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任制度規(guī)定。主要介紹了侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任制度在我國立法狀況:在中國近代,直至清末修律,侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任才作為一種獨(dú)立、傳統(tǒng)的民法連帶責(zé)任制度出現(xiàn)在國人視野;在中國現(xiàn)代,《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》中共有11個(gè)條文涉及9種承擔(dān)侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任的情形及其內(nèi)外部效力的規(guī)定,在我國整體侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任的發(fā)展中承上啟下,起舉足輕重的作用。第三部分:我國《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》連帶責(zé)任具體類型與條文分析。主要介紹了在我國《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》中涉及到的9種承擔(dān)侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任具體類型與其內(nèi)外部效力的法律規(guī)定,通過對相關(guān)法條一一分析,詳細(xì)介紹了各種侵權(quán)責(zé)任類型的基本概況、被侵權(quán)人求償權(quán)、侵權(quán)人責(zé)任份額與追償權(quán),并對其中重要問題進(jìn)行闡釋。第四部分:我國《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》中侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任制度存在的問題。主要分析目前我國侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任在其適用中存在的問題:第一,條文表述不規(guī)范;第二,過于加重個(gè)別侵權(quán)人責(zé)任;第三,侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任制度的訴訟程序?qū)е沦Y源浪費(fèi)。第五部分:完善我國《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》中侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任制度的建議。對應(yīng)第五部分中提出的問題為基礎(chǔ),通過構(gòu)想設(shè)計(jì),給出三項(xiàng)解決對策:第一,規(guī)范條文表述;第二,確立侵權(quán)連帶責(zé)任的二次分擔(dān)規(guī)則;第三,建立公正高效的連帶責(zé)任訴訟程序。
[Abstract]:Joint liability as an important responsibility system of the traditional civil law, in order to relieve the victims compensation, increase the legal liability of tort liability, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the victim. Joint liability is mainly based on tort, partnership, guarantee, agency and other acts, scattered provisions in the general principles of civil law > < < < >, contract law, guarantee law < > > and the tort liability law and other laws and regulations and judicial interpretation. In recent years, due to the infringement liability is more and more, its application is also constantly adapt to the case of the complex, the relevant legal provisions are more and more. Indeed, the law has the variability, its continuous development will solve most tort disputes but due to the lag of law in a certain period of time, many processing results of infringement cases still exist problems, this point in tort cases, involving tort joint liability is especially obvious. Therefore, As an important type of tort liability of joint liability, which is worthy of further research and thinking. Mentioned in this article refers to the tort joint liability joint liability based on tort between the contracting parties, the research scope is mainly limited liability involved in China's "tort liability law >. In our current law. Relevant provisions of tort joint liability reflected in" tort liability law ", the provisions of tort liability law in many legal < > before the promulgation of the content, more innovative, more comprehensive summary, more detailed provisions. As an important content of" tort joint liability of tort liability law ", legal provisions involving as many as 11 and, in 5 chapters, through the whole law. As the important type of joint liability, tort joint liability in its responsibility includes two kinds of legal relationship, namely, external effect and internal effect Mainly to solve the external effect. The compensation for the victims of the tort liability, internal effect is concerned between the tort liability responsibility. For tort joint liability in theory is relatively simple, but in actual judicial practice is very complex, especially in the aspect of the internal right of claim on tort liability usually, not timely, effective solution. Therefore, the relevant provisions of joint liability involved in our "tort liability law > as the research object analysis, to its content as the focus, isexpounded in theory and judicial practice. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part provisions: foreign tort joint liability system. To explore the tort joint liability originated in Rome period, showed that the regulations on the legislation of tort joint liability system from civil and criminal hybrid gradually developed into an independent The historical process of civil liability system and ultimately to prosperity. The continental law system such as France, Germany, the common law in Britain, the United States is a typical representative. Through the analysis of the legislative and judicial precedent, the development of tort joint liability in western advanced countries, analyzes it in different western countries the evolution of form and legislation design and logic structure second part: the tort joint liability regulations Chinese history. This paper mainly introduced the tort joint liability system in the legislation in our country: China in modern times, until the late Qing law tort joint liability as an independent civil law, joint liability system appeared in the traditional Chinese Perspective; in modern China, "tort liability on a total of 11 articles related to the provisions of the 9 tort joint liability and external validity, the nexus of the development of China's tort joint liability in, Play a decisive role. The third part: the analysis of China's "tort liability law > joint liability specific types and provisions. This paper mainly introduced the tort liability law in our country < > involved in 9 undertake the joint and several liability and specific types of legal provisions, the relevant law 11 analysis, basic situation various types of tort liability are introduced in detail, is the right infringement, infringement liability and share the right of recourse, and elaborates on the important issues. The fourth part: the existence of tort joint liability system of our country" tort liability law > problems. Mainly analyzes its application in China's current tort joint liability question: first, the provisions of statements are not standard; second, the infringer too aggravating individual responsibility; third, tort joint liability litigation procedures resulting in a waste of resources. The fifth part: the perfection of "tort liability law" Tort joint liability system. It puts forward the corresponding problems in the fifth part as the foundation, through the design idea, gives three solutions: first, the provisions of second, two share of expression; to establish rules of tort joint liability; third, the establishment of a fair and efficient joint liability litigation procedure.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：1669288