本文選題：美國遺囑繼承　切入點：法律適用　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國際化進程的不斷深入,跨國民商事往來日益頻繁,各國公民在外國擁有財產(chǎn)成為常態(tài),隨之而來的跨國遺囑繼承案件也日益增加。跨國遺囑繼承通常會涉及到兩個或更多國家的法律適用問題,適用不同的法律可能會出現(xiàn)不同的遺囑繼承結(jié)果,對當事人權(quán)利有著很大的影響,因此,有關(guān)遺囑繼承法律適用的問題是值得關(guān)注并進行深入研究的。對此問題的研究可以減少日后的法律沖突,推動國際間的交流與合作。美國是遺囑繼承制度比較發(fā)達的國家之一,對遺囑繼承的相關(guān)規(guī)定比較成熟和具體。另外美國是聯(lián)邦制國家,各州之間也存在著法律沖突問題,相比其他國家而言,遺囑繼承的法律沖突在美國更具復(fù)雜性。因此,筆者將通過對美國遺囑繼承法律適用規(guī)則的分析,進而提出對中國遺囑繼承法律適用的建議。文章的第一部分是對美國遺囑繼承法律適用制度的概述,目的是讓大家對美國遺囑繼承法律適用問題有一定的理解;第二部分從美國國內(nèi)法律沖突和美國與其他國家法律沖突兩部分進行論述,美國國內(nèi)沖突部分以《統(tǒng)一遺囑檢驗法典》、《路易斯安娜州民法典》和其他州法中關(guān)于遺囑繼承的不同規(guī)定為分析對象,與其他國家的法律沖突部分主要以遺囑能力、遺囑方式、遺囑撤銷的不同規(guī)定進行分析,希望以此幫助大家了解美國遺囑繼承法律沖突的復(fù)雜;文章的第三部分是美國遺囑繼承法律適用規(guī)則,這一部分主要講述了美國遺囑繼承法律適用的規(guī)定,分析其中的合理性,找出值得中國借鑒的規(guī)則;文章的第四部分是對中國遺囑繼承法律適用現(xiàn)狀的分析,提出美國遺囑繼承法律適用對中國的立法啟示,并進行論述。美國解決遺囑繼承法律沖突所適用的原則包括“意思自治原則”和“最密切聯(lián)系原則”。在中國遺囑繼承法律適用的問題上應(yīng)用最密切聯(lián)系原則,進一步擴大法官自由裁量權(quán),促進遺囑繼承的有效成立,能夠最大程度地符合立遺囑人對財產(chǎn)分配的預(yù)期。加強意思自治原則的應(yīng)用也是為了推動遺囑繼承的發(fā)展,減少因為法律規(guī)定不同而產(chǎn)生的適用沖突,促進不同地區(qū)和國家間個人財產(chǎn)的有序、順利轉(zhuǎn)移。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the internationalization process, transnational civil and commercial exchanges become more and more frequent, and the property owned by the citizens of various countries in foreign countries becomes the norm. Transnational testamentary succession cases are also increasing. Transnational testamentary succession usually involves the application of the law of two or more countries, and the application of different laws may result in different testamentary succession. It has a great influence on the rights of the parties. Therefore, the application of the law of testate succession is worthy of attention and in-depth study. The study of this issue can reduce the conflict of laws in the future. Promoting international exchanges and cooperation. The United States is one of the more developed countries in the testate succession system, and the relevant provisions on testate succession are more mature and specific. In addition, the United States is a federal country, and there is also a conflict of laws between the states. Compared with other countries, the conflict of laws on testate succession is more complicated in the United States. Therefore, the author will analyze the applicable rules of testate succession law in the United States. The first part of the article is an overview of the application of the law of testate succession in the United States, the purpose is to let everyone have a certain understanding of the application of the law of testate succession in the United States; The second part discusses the conflict of laws in the United States and the conflict between the United States and other countries. The part of the internal conflict in the United States is based on the uniform probate Code, the Civil Code of An Na State of Louis and the different provisions on testamentary succession in the laws of other states, while the conflict part of the laws of other countries is mainly in the form of testamentary capacity and testamentary means. In order to help us understand the complexity of the conflicts of laws on testamentary succession in the United States, the third part of this paper is the applicable rules of the law of testate succession in the United States. This part mainly describes the provisions of the application of the law of testate succession in the United States, analyzes the rationality of it, and finds out the rules worthy of reference by China. The fourth part of the article is an analysis of the current situation of the application of the law of testate succession in China. The legislative implications of the application of testamentary succession laws in the United States to China are put forward. The principles applicable to the settlement of conflicts of laws on testamentary succession in the United States include the principle of autonomy of will and the principle of closest connection, and the application of the principle of closest connection to the application of the law of testate succession in China, Further expanding the discretion of judges and promoting the effective establishment of testamentary succession can meet the expectations of the testator for the distribution of property to the greatest extent, and strengthen the application of the principle of autonomy of will in order to promote the development of testamentary succession, To reduce the conflict of application caused by different laws and regulations, and to promote the orderly and smooth transfer of personal property between different regions and countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D971.2;DD913

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