本文選題：家庭　切入點：共同共有　出處：《中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：家庭共有是指全部或部分家庭成員在家庭關(guān)系存續(xù)期間,按照法定或約定,將共有財產(chǎn)或個人財產(chǎn)用于家庭而產(chǎn)生的共同共有法律關(guān)系。基于類似的經(jīng)濟社會背景,我國傳統(tǒng)社會家族成員對族產(chǎn)的所有與日耳曼法中團體成員對團體財產(chǎn)的總有類似,家庭成員對去世家屬所創(chuàng)造的財產(chǎn)的所有與日耳曼法中共同態(tài)成員對共同態(tài)財產(chǎn)的合有類似。由我國傳統(tǒng)家產(chǎn)制演變而來的家庭共有雖然會隨著聯(lián)合家庭的減少而逐漸式微,但短期內(nèi)不會消失,重視家庭共有的研究和確立家庭共有制度仍有必要。家庭共有的產(chǎn)生需滿足存在家庭關(guān)系和共同共有關(guān)系兩個條件。在確定家庭共有主體即家庭共有人時,除需家庭成員對家庭共有財產(chǎn)的形成作出貢獻,還應(yīng)有成為家庭共有人的意愿以及其他家庭共有人的認可。一般情況下,沒有完全民事行為能力的未成年人、精神病人不能成為家庭共有人。在確定家庭共有的客體即家庭共有財產(chǎn)的范圍時,可依據(jù)來源、性質(zhì)進行確定。在家庭共有的內(nèi)部關(guān)系上,除另有約定,家庭共有人對家庭共有財產(chǎn)的占有、使用、收益應(yīng)在符合家庭共同生產(chǎn)、生活需要的基礎(chǔ)上爭取一致、共同行使;對家庭共有財產(chǎn)的保存、簡易修繕,都有權(quán)或有義務(wù)進行;對家庭共有財產(chǎn)的處分及重大修繕必須獲得所有家庭共有人的一致同意;共同承擔(dān)因家庭共有財產(chǎn)而產(chǎn)生的費用及負擔(dān)。在外部關(guān)系上,家庭共有人承擔(dān)連帶債權(quán)和連帶債務(wù)。家庭共有可因為分家、離婚、家庭共有人的死亡等原因而消滅,從而引起家庭共有財產(chǎn)的分割。家庭共有財產(chǎn)的分割分為傳統(tǒng)方式和現(xiàn)代方式。對于傳統(tǒng)的分家析產(chǎn)方式,我們應(yīng)傳承其有益成分,摒棄其落后部分�，F(xiàn)代化的分割方式有協(xié)議分割和裁判分割。裁判分割應(yīng)堅持兼顧利益和公平的原則,分割方法有直接分割、作價分割和變價分割三種。我國未在立法中確立家庭共有制度的原因在于:清末法律移植的不足,對家庭共有制度的重視程度不夠以及不完善的家庭財產(chǎn)制度。本文建議從家庭財產(chǎn)制度和共同共有制度兩個方向確立和完善家庭共有制度。
[Abstract]:Family ownership means a joint legal relationship arising from the use of joint property or personal property by all or part of a family member in accordance with law or agreement for the duration of a family relationship... based on a similar economic and social background, In our traditional society, all of the family members to the clan property are always similar to the group members of the Germanic law on the group property. All the property created by a family member of a deceased family is similar to that of a common member in the Germanic method. The family common ownership that evolved from the traditional family property system in our country will gradually decline with the decline of the joint family. However, it will not disappear in the short term. It is still necessary to attach importance to the research of family ownership and to establish the system of family sharing. The emergence of family common needs to satisfy two conditions: the existence of family relationship and the existence of common common relationship. In determining the common subject of the family, that is, the common owner of the family, In addition to the contribution of family members to the formation of common family property, there should also be the will to be a joint family member and the recognition of other family co-owners... in general, minors who do not have full civil capacity, In determining the scope of the common object of the family, that is, the common property of the family, the mental patient may make a determination on the basis of the source and nature. In the internal relations of the common family, unless otherwise agreed, The common owner of the family shall strive for consistency and joint exercise on the basis of the joint production and living needs of the family on the basis of the possession and use of the common property of the family, and shall have the right or obligation to carry out the preservation and simple repair of the common property of the family; The disposition and major renovation of the common family property must be agreed upon by all the family owners; the expenses and burdens arising from the joint family property shall be borne jointly. The joint and several creditor's rights and the joint and several liabilities shall be borne by the joint family owner. The joint household ownership may be eliminated because of the separation, divorce, death of the family co-owner, etc. As a result, the division of common family property can be divided into traditional and modern ways. As for the traditional separation of family property, we should inherit its beneficial elements. The modern way of segmentation is divided by agreement and judgment. The principle of taking into account interests and fairness should be adhered to in the division of referee. The method of segmentation has direct segmentation. The reason why our country did not establish the common family system in the legislation lies in: the shortage of law transplantation in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper suggests to establish and perfect the family property system from the two directions of family property system and common common ownership system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923

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