本文選題：情誼行為　切入點：侵權責任　出處：《西北師范大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：情誼行為侵權糾紛逐年增多,但我國法律在這一方面的規(guī)定卻不甚完善,當人們在尋求法律途徑解決所遇到的問題時,法律需要給出強有力的答案。本文通過對比國內外對于情誼行為的定義,給出情誼行為較為準確的定義,即情誼行為是指施惠人出于無償利他的目的,為了建立、維持或增進與他人之間的情誼而做出的不具有法律約束力的社交行為,在情誼行為實施的過程中,施惠人需要盡到必要的謹慎注意義務,否則將可能承擔與其過錯相應的責任。情誼行為與法律行為、事實行為、無因管理和契約等相關概念看似類似,實則大有不同,在侵權法實務中處理好情誼行為與類似概念的區(qū)分才能更好的處理相關問題。常見的情誼行為包括好意同乘、共同飲酒、幫忙看護、友人聚會、代為行為、身份協(xié)議等多種類型,劃分這些類型有助于我們找到情誼行為的共性,抽象出情誼行為的特征。在判斷情誼行為侵權問題時,必須先判斷先前行為是否屬于情誼行為。在處理情誼行為侵權責任承擔問題時,不能把情誼行為與情誼侵權行為混為一談,區(qū)分情誼行為與類似行為有助于解決情誼行為侵權糾紛,對于情誼行為侵權責任的承擔問題,其構成要件的特殊性首先在于施惠人的行為并不是真正意義上的加害行為,而是出于好意的利他行為,但卻造成了未曾預料到的損害后果;其次,情誼行為作為社交層面的行為,本身并無過錯可言,多數(shù)情誼行為侵權糾紛是在情誼行為實施過程中,由于施惠人未盡到注意義務導致受惠人人身或財產遭受了損害,因而產生了侵權責任承擔的問題;最后,情誼行為與損害結果之間的因果關系也是判斷施惠人承擔何種程度的責任的標準。情誼行為目前仍屬于一般侵權,在適用歸責原則時仍應該適用過錯責任原則,而不宜適用無過錯責任原則或是公平責任原則�；谇檎x行為的特殊性,一是情誼行為的主體之間原本就具有某種社會關系,為了維持雙方原本友好的情誼關系而發(fā)生的社交行為;二是情誼行為的過錯形態(tài)多為過失,過失侵權的責任承擔比照故意侵權可以予以減輕;三是情誼行為具有好意性和無償性,為了鼓勵人們互幫互助,維持雙方當事人之間的友好關系,在施惠人已經盡到相應注意義務的情形下,應當適當減免其責任,責任減免主要是通過縮小賠償范圍和減免舉證責任來實現(xiàn)。如果施惠人未盡到相應的注意義務,就需要承擔責任,給施惠人一定的責任壓力,有利于督促施惠人謹慎行為,盡量避免損害結果的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:The disputes of friendship tort are increasing year by year, but the law of our country is not perfect in this respect. When people are seeking legal means to solve the problems encountered, The law needs to give a strong answer. By comparing the domestic and foreign definitions of friendship behavior, this paper gives a more accurate definition of friendship act, that is, the act of friendship refers to the act of kindness for the purpose of pro bono altruism, in order to establish, A non-legally binding social act that maintains or promotes a friendship with another person, and in the course of carrying out the act of friendship, the giver shall exercise the necessary duty of care, Otherwise, it would be possible to assume responsibility corresponding to its fault. Related concepts such as friendship and legal acts, factual acts, factorless management and contracts seem to be similar, but in fact they are quite different. In tort law practice, the distinction between friendship behavior and similar concepts can be better dealt with. Common friendship behaviors include good sharing, drinking together, helping care, meeting friends, acting on behalf of others. Identity agreement and other types, dividing these types can help us find the commonness of friendship behavior and abstract the characteristics of friendship behavior. We must first judge whether the previous act is a friendship act. In dealing with the issue of tort liability for friendship acts, we must not confuse friendship acts with friendship violations. The distinction between friendship act and similar act is helpful to solve the tort dispute of friendship act. The particularity of the constitutive elements of the tort liability of friendship act lies in the fact that the act of patronage is not a real injurious act. It is an altruistic act of good intention, but it results in unanticipated injurious consequences; secondly, as a social act, friendship is not at fault itself, and most of the tort disputes of friendship act are in the course of the implementation of the friendship act, The problem of liability for tort arises as a result of the lack of due diligence on the part of the benefactor resulting in damage to the person or property of the beneficiary; finally, The causality between friendship behavior and damage result is also the criterion to judge the degree of liability of the benefactor. Friendship behavior is still a general tort, and the principle of fault liability should still be applied when applying the principle of imputation. However, it is not appropriate to apply the principle of no-fault liability or the principle of fair liability. Based on the particularity of friendship behavior, one is that there is a certain social relationship between the subjects of friendship behavior. In order to maintain the friendly relationship between the two sides, the social behavior occurs; second, the fault form of the friendship behavior is mostly fault, the liability of the negligent tort can be mitigated according to the intentional infringement; Third, the act of friendship is well-intentioned and free of charge. In order to encourage people to help each other and maintain friendly relations between the two parties, if the benefactor has fulfilled the corresponding duty of care, he should appropriately reduce his or her responsibilities. Liability relief is mainly achieved by narrowing the scope of compensation and reducing the burden of proof. If the benefactor fails to fulfill the corresponding duty of care, he needs to bear the responsibility and give him certain pressure of responsibility, which is conducive to urging him to act prudently. Try to avoid damaging results.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：1649805