本文選題：網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載　切入點：授權(quán)許可　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載是一種社會現(xiàn)象,是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)媒體與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)媒體、傳統(tǒng)媒體之間相互轉(zhuǎn)載已經(jīng)發(fā)表作品的行為。在現(xiàn)階段,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和計算機互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載侵犯著作權(quán)的現(xiàn)象變得愈加普遍和嚴(yán)重,實踐中此類行為成為大家關(guān)注的熱點,但是司法實務(wù)中對網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載侵權(quán)案件的判決適用一般侵權(quán)案件的歸責(zé)原則和舉證規(guī)則,使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)保護(hù)流于表面,不能對權(quán)利提供切實保護(hù)。理論界對網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載適用授權(quán)許可還是法定許可各執(zhí)一詞,在理論上很難達(dá)成一致意見。未能達(dá)成共識的網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載理論很難發(fā)揮指導(dǎo)實踐操作的效果。當(dāng)前,網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載侵權(quán)案件頻發(fā),與之相關(guān)的侵權(quán)亂象頗為嚴(yán)重,因此良好的網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載秩序?qū)ΡＷo(hù)著作權(quán)的發(fā)展顯得尤為重要。針對此現(xiàn)狀,為了更好的研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載存在的法律問題,改善網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域著作權(quán)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,本文首先梳理網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載涉及的主體,明確當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)的主要主體在于網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容提供者;其次,對網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域的客觀現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,明確網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載存在舉證責(zé)任分配不公、侵權(quán)成本較低導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載屢禁不止等問題;最后,從民事法律領(lǐng)域的侵權(quán)責(zé)任承擔(dān)以及舉證責(zé)任方面對各類問題提出針對性的解決對策。通過對網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載的概念、特征、對象的界定,以及對比傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)載和網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載找到二者的區(qū)別,對網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載的理解達(dá)到一個新的高度。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載領(lǐng)域適用制度方面,更加堅定法定許可的不可取性,為方便優(yōu)秀作品的傳播,繁榮網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化有必要將適用于傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)載領(lǐng)域的授權(quán)許可引入網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域。網(wǎng)絡(luò)本身具有國際性的特點,網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的作品傳播也應(yīng)當(dāng)與國際接軌,網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載適用授權(quán)許可是與國際接軌的要求,有利于著作權(quán)的保護(hù)。并且,法定許可是對著作權(quán)的限制,我國第一部著作權(quán)法頒布于上個世紀(jì)90年代,當(dāng)時我國正處于計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時代,因而對著作權(quán)的限制帶有計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的屬性。鑒于當(dāng)前的社會環(huán)境發(fā)生深刻變化,網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載應(yīng)當(dāng)具有市場經(jīng)濟(jì)屬性,充分體現(xiàn)著作權(quán)人對作品的自主處分,而不應(yīng)對其進(jìn)行過多限制。建立在對網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載現(xiàn)狀以及存在問題知悉的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載侵權(quán)應(yīng)采用過錯責(zé)任原則并且明確舉證責(zé)任倒置的適用,限制"避風(fēng)港"規(guī)則的濫用以及建立懲罰性賠償制度來提高違法成本。因網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)的隱秘性,著作權(quán)人舉證困難,過錯推定作為過錯歸責(zé)原則下的使用手段,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載侵權(quán)領(lǐng)域得以適用從而減輕權(quán)利人的舉證責(zé)任;以司法解釋的形式明確"及時"、限制使用"避風(fēng)港"規(guī)則作為免責(zé)事由的次數(shù),防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者放任網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載侵權(quán)行為的發(fā)生;因著作權(quán)人維權(quán)費用高,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載領(lǐng)域建立懲罰性賠償制度,以許可費用的合理倍數(shù)來確定賠償金能夠提高侵權(quán)成本,加強對網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載者的威懾,規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)載的秩序。
[Abstract]:Internet reprint is a social phenomenon. It is the behavior of Internet media and Internet media. Traditional media reprint works with each other. At this stage, with the rapid development of economy and computer Internet technology, The phenomenon of infringement of copyright by network has become more and more common and serious. In practice, this kind of behavior has become the focus of attention, but in judicial practice, the principle of imputation and the rule of proof in general infringement cases are applied to the judgment of network reprint infringement cases. Make the network copyright protection flow on the surface, can not provide real protection of rights. It is very difficult to reach an agreement in theory. The theory of Internet reprinting which fails to reach a consensus is very difficult to give full play to the effect of guiding practical operation. At present, there are frequent cases of infringement of Internet reprint, and the related tort disorder is quite serious. Therefore, a good network reprint order is particularly important for the development of copyright protection. In view of the present situation, in order to better study the legal problems existing in network reprint and improve the current situation of copyright development in the network field, This article first combs the network reprint involves the main body, clarifies the current network infringement main body lies in the network content provider; secondly, carries on the analysis to the network domain objective present situation, clear network reprint has the unfair distribution of the burden of proof. The low cost of tort leads to the repeated prohibition of network reprinting. Finally, from the aspects of tort liability and burden of proof in the field of civil law, the author puts forward targeted solutions to all kinds of problems. The definition of the object, as well as the difference between the traditional reprint and the internet reprint, the understanding of the network reprint has reached a new height... in the field of network reprinting, the application system is more determined on the undesirability of legal permission, In order to facilitate the dissemination of excellent works, it is necessary for the prosperity of the network culture to introduce the license applicable to the traditional reprint field into the network field. The network itself has international characteristics, and the dissemination of works under the network environment should also be in line with the international standards. The network reprint applies the authorization license is the request which is in line with the international standard, is advantageous to the copyright protection. Moreover, the legal license is the restriction to the copyright, our country's first copyright law was promulgated in -10s, At that time, our country was in the era of planned economy, so the restriction of copyright had the attribute of planned economy. In view of the profound changes in the current social environment, network reprinting should have the attribute of market economy. Fully embodies the copyright owner's independent disposition of the work, and should not restrict it too much. It is based on the knowledge of the current situation of reprinting on the network and the existing problems. This paper puts forward that the principle of fault liability and the application of inversion of burden of proof should be adopted to limit the abuse of the "safe haven" rules and to establish the punitive damages system to increase the cost of breaking the law. The burden of proof of copyright owner is difficult, and the presumption of fault, as a means of use under the principle of fault imputation, can be applied in the field of network reprint infringement so as to lighten the burden of proof of the right holder; Make clear "timely" in the form of judicial interpretation, limit the number of times that the rules of "safe haven" are used as a reason of exemption, prevent the network service provider from letting the infringement of network reprint take place; because of the high cost of copyright owners' rights protection, To establish the punitive damages system in the field of network reprint, to determine the compensation by the reasonable multiple of the license cost can increase the cost of infringement, strengthen the deterrent to the network reprinted person, and standardize the order of the network reprint.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.41

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