本文關(guān)鍵詞： 好意同乘 侵權(quán)責任 歸責原則 責任承擔　出處：《吉林大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在社會變遷中,社會上出現(xiàn)了一種“搭順風車”新現(xiàn)象。這種搭順風車的行為就是法律術(shù)語中所說的“好意同乘”。隨著經(jīng)濟的急速發(fā)展,機動車的數(shù)量也越來越多,不得不履行私家車單雙號分日行駛的政策,有車一族免費順路捎帶朋友一程這種舉手之勞的常事也屢見不鮮。所以,順路捎帶朋友一程的事情越來越多也無可厚非。其中我國對因好意同乘引發(fā)的道路交通事故仍沒有明確的責任劃分,沒有相關(guān)的法律出臺,交通部部長楊傳堂在2016年的兩會上也提出:激勵合乘、順風車等分享經(jīng)濟形式的展開。我們也可預計日后會有越來越多道路交通事故糾紛是由于好意同乘引起。因此引起的道路交通事故該如何處理?法律責任誰來承擔?因為是好意同乘能否免除被搭乘人的責任?所以,有關(guān)好意同乘交通事故的責任承擔就成為目前亟待解決的問題。好意同乘過程中未發(fā)生交通事故時,車輛供給者和搭乘者之間存在友好和諧的關(guān)系當然可維系,不過,只要發(fā)生人身、財產(chǎn)損害,車輛供給者和搭乘者之間的社會關(guān)系從好意轉(zhuǎn)化成為補償搭乘者的關(guān)系。但是好意同乘與一般的侵權(quán)案件不同,好意同乘案件中的侵權(quán)主體、客體的責任承擔需要進一步明確,如果在發(fā)生交通事故時車輛供給者不是有意而為之,造成損害的過程存在著特殊的情況,如事故的發(fā)生是同乘者造成的或者是第三方的責任等,那么在這些情況下,好意同乘侵權(quán)責任的承擔問題將是面臨的一項重大挑戰(zhàn)。本文首先給出了兩個好意同乘案例,對這兩個案例進行了詳細的分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了在好意同乘過程中侵權(quán)責任的承擔問題,想要對這個問題進行深刻的探討,我們需要詳細了解好意同乘過程中的相關(guān)知識。怎樣界定好意同乘,車輛供給者與搭乘者在好意同乘過程中需要履行什么樣的權(quán)利和義務,好意同乘交通事故中存在哪些法律性質(zhì),在交通事故中存在怎樣的侵權(quán)規(guī)則原則。對此,外國法律已經(jīng)有了比較完善的規(guī)定,而我國法律至今沒有統(tǒng)一、明確的規(guī)定來處理對好意同乘的責任承擔,導致全國各地法院在行使自由裁量權(quán)的過程中權(quán)衡規(guī)范不一,裁判結(jié)果各不相同。有鑒于此,本文運用兩起好意同乘引發(fā)的交通事故案例,對好意同乘的定義、特征、性質(zhì)以及歸責原則等進行介紹分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上,并對好意同乘交通事故責任承擔提出自己的一些淺顯的建議。
[Abstract]:In the course of social change, there is a new phenomenon of "riding a windmill" in society. The behavior of hitchhiking is called "good riding" in legal terms. With the rapid development of the economy, the number of motor vehicles is increasing. Having to carry out the policy of daily driving of private cars with single and even numbers, it is common for people with cars to drop by their friends free of charge. There is no doubt that there are more and more incidents of passing friends along the way. Among them, our country still has no clear division of responsibility for road traffic accidents caused by good intentions, and no relevant laws have been issued. Yang Chuantang, Minister of Communications, also proposed at the two sessions on 2016: "encourage and multiply." We can also expect that more and more road traffic disputes will be caused by good intentions in the future. How to deal with the resulting road traffic accidents? Who will bear the legal responsibility? Is it possible to absolve the person on board of the responsibility because of good intentions? Therefore, the responsibility of the well-intentioned co-rider traffic accident has become an urgent problem to be solved. When there is no traffic accident during the well-intentioned co-riding process, the friendly and harmonious relationship between the vehicle supplier and the passenger can of course be maintained, but, As long as personal and property damage occurs, the social relations between the supplier and the passenger of the vehicle change from good intention to compensation of the passenger. But the good riding is different from the general infringement case, and the tortious subject in the case of good intention and ride is different. The responsibility of the object needs to be further clarified, if the vehicle supplier does not intend to do it in the event of a traffic accident, there are special circumstances in the process of causing the damage. If the occurrence of the accident is caused by the same rider or the liability of a third party, then in these cases, the assumption of the tort liability of the good will be a major challenge. This paper first gives two cases of good intentions and multiplies. On the basis of the detailed analysis of these two cases, this paper puts forward the problem of tort liability in the process of good intentions and multiplication, and wants to make a deep discussion on this problem. We need to have a detailed understanding of the relevant knowledge of the well-intentioned co-rider process. How to define the well-intentioned co-rider, what rights and obligations should be fulfilled by the vehicle supplier and the passenger in the well-intentioned co-ride process, What are the legal nature of well-intentioned traffic accidents and the principles of tort rules in traffic accidents? for this reason, foreign laws have relatively perfect provisions, but the laws of our country have not yet been unified. Clear provisions to deal with the responsibility for good will and multiplication, resulting in varying norms in the exercise of discretion by courts throughout the country, and different judicial results. This paper introduces and analyzes the definition, characteristics, nature and imputation principle of well-intentioned co-multiplication by using two cases of traffic accidents caused by well-intentioned co-multiplication. And put forward some simple suggestions to take the responsibility of traffic accident with good intention.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D923

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