本文關(guān)鍵詞： 冷凍胚胎 權(quán)利歸屬 繼承權(quán)　出處：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,社會(huì)的發(fā)展和科技的發(fā)展越來(lái)越迅速,生活節(jié)奏越來(lái)越快,壞境也越來(lái)越惡化,不孕不育的癥狀出現(xiàn)在許多人的身上,而治愈不孕不育的治療方式主要是依靠生殖輔助技術(shù)。冷凍胚胎在它出生時(shí),就具有爭(zhēng)議性,當(dāng)新型冷凍胚胎繼承案件出現(xiàn),自然沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的法律作為“處方”對(duì)其作出快速的治療。研究冷凍胚胎繼承法律的過(guò)程,也是對(duì)冷凍胚胎的法律屬性進(jìn)行定位和對(duì)冷凍胚胎權(quán)利歸屬及權(quán)利行使規(guī)則展開(kāi)研究的過(guò)程。中國(guó)首例冷凍胚胎繼承案件經(jīng)歷了兩級(jí)法院的審判,二審法院的精彩決判決情理法兼容,被認(rèn)為是民事審判的范例。該案件通過(guò)對(duì)倫理、情感和特殊利益保護(hù)作出了冷凍胚胎可以繼承的判決結(jié)果。雖然案件結(jié)束,但是冷凍胚胎的繼承法律問(wèn)題的研究還在繼續(xù)。通過(guò)對(duì)主體說(shuō)、客體說(shuō)、折中說(shuō)和雙重屬性說(shuō)的比較,確定冷凍胚胎兼具物權(quán)客體與人格權(quán)客體的雙重屬性,并分析了我國(guó)冷凍胚胎繼承的法律關(guān)系。通過(guò)分析案例,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)冷凍胚胎繼承的法律主要存在三大問(wèn)題:冷凍胚胎的法律屬性不明確、冷凍胚胎的權(quán)利歸屬不明確和冷凍胚胎的繼承規(guī)則不明確,需要立法做出具體規(guī)定。本文通過(guò)分析英國(guó)、美國(guó)和意大利等國(guó)家的立法實(shí)踐和司法實(shí)踐,得到我國(guó)冷凍胚胎繼承的立法應(yīng)從兩方面立法的啟示:第一,冷凍胚胎作為可繼承的物進(jìn)行繼承;第二,制定特別法予以規(guī)范。根據(jù)以上啟示,提出完善冷凍胚胎繼承立法的建議。第一,我國(guó)冷凍胚胎繼承法律的完善需要遵守從規(guī)章層級(jí)提升到法律層級(jí)、宜粗不宜細(xì)、法與道德的結(jié)合、立法全面性的原則。第二,認(rèn)可冷凍胚胎的雙重屬性,讓冷凍胚胎能夠有相應(yīng)的法律依據(jù)。第三,綜合適用現(xiàn)有法律的一般規(guī)則,加強(qiáng)對(duì)冷凍胚胎繼承的保護(hù)。第四,結(jié)合冷凍胚胎繼承的特殊規(guī)則,使冷凍胚胎繼承符合倫理道德。
[Abstract]:At present, with the development of society and science and technology, the pace of life is getting faster and faster, and the bad situation is getting worse and worse. The symptoms of infertility appear in many people. And the cure for infertility is based on reproductive assistive technology. Frozen embryos are controversial when they are born, and when new types of frozen embryos are inherited, Of course, there is no corresponding law as a "prescription" for rapid treatment. It is also a process of locating the legal attributes of frozen embryos and studying the rules for the attribution and exercise of rights of frozen embryos. China's first case of frozen embryo succession has gone through a two-tier court trial. The excellent judgment of the court of second instance is compatible with reasoning and is considered to be an example of a civil trial. The case resulted in the freezing of embryos inheriting through the protection of ethics, emotion, and special interests. Although the case ended, However, the study on the inheritance of frozen embryos is continuing. By comparing the subject theory, object theory, eclectic theory and double attribute theory, it is determined that frozen embryo has the dual attributes of the object of real right and the object of personality right. By analyzing the legal relationship of frozen embryo inheritance in China, it is found that there are three main problems in the law of frozen embryo inheritance in China: the legal attribute of frozen embryo is not clear, The rights of frozen embryos are not clear and the inheritance rules of frozen embryos are not clear. This paper analyzes the legislative practice and judicial practice of Britain, the United States and Italy and other countries, such as the United Kingdom, the United States and Italy, and so on. The legislation on the inheritance of frozen embryos in China should be inspired from two aspects: first, the frozen embryos are inherited as inheritable objects; secondly, special laws should be formulated to regulate them. Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the legislation on the succession of frozen embryos. First, the perfection of the law on the succession of frozen embryos in China needs to be promoted from the level of regulation to the level of law, which should be coarse rather than detailed, the combination of law and morality, and the principle of comprehensive legislation. Recognizing the dual attributes of frozen embryos so that frozen embryos can have a corresponding legal basis. Third, to integrate the general rules of the existing laws and to strengthen the protection of frozen embryos inheritance. 4th, combined with special rules on frozen embryo inheritance, It is ethical to inherit frozen embryos.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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