本文關(guān)鍵詞： 著作權(quán)共有 橫向共有 縱向共有 規(guī)制機制 集體管理　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,人們對知識產(chǎn)品需求的提高,作品的形式愈加豐富,著作權(quán)客體的范圍日漸擴大�；诙鄠�主體相結(jié)合的智力成果形式也逐步取代個人的智力成果形式成為著作權(quán)的主要客體,著作權(quán)共有制度隨之產(chǎn)生。以共有的不同維度可將著作權(quán)共有分為“橫向共有”和“縱向共有”兩種類型。橫向共有根據(jù)共有產(chǎn)生模式的不同分為兩類:一是基于共同創(chuàng)作的事實行為產(chǎn)生的共有,主要指合作作品的共有;二是基于繼受取得產(chǎn)生的共有,主要指著作權(quán)部分轉(zhuǎn)讓或者許可之后,繼受人與原著作權(quán)人形成的共有關(guān)系�？v向共有是基于作品的二次創(chuàng)作行為產(chǎn)生的新作品,與原作品形成的多重著作權(quán),主要包括基于演繹行為、匯編行為和影視創(chuàng)作行為形成的多重著作權(quán)的共有形式。著作權(quán)共有理論研究的薄弱和制度的不完善使得共有著作權(quán)在實務(wù)中面臨諸多難題。橫向共有存在的的主要問題有:一是合作作品的界定問題。二是基于共同創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生的共有和基于繼受取得產(chǎn)生的共有的性質(zhì)問題以及上述兩種共有權(quán)利行使和收益分配問題;縱向共有在實踐中的困境在于:一是基于演繹、匯編和影視創(chuàng)作行為產(chǎn)生了多重著作權(quán),每一個“后手”使用者在尋求著作權(quán)許可時都需要經(jīng)過所有“前手”著作權(quán)人的同意,并且任一“前手”權(quán)利人拒絕許可將會導(dǎo)致整個許可鏈條的斷裂,這種規(guī)定會浪費版權(quán)使用者大量的時間和精力,很大程度上挫傷了使用者的積極性,降低了版權(quán)交易效率,阻礙了文化作品的傳播。二是我國著作權(quán)法對于影視作品的規(guī)定違背著作權(quán)法基本精神,也與《伯爾尼公約》的有關(guān)規(guī)定不符。解決上述著作權(quán)共有的難題,制度完善是關(guān)鍵。對于橫向共有,應(yīng)著力完善共有的法律規(guī)制。首先,對于合作作品,應(yīng)將不可分割使用的作品排除出合作作品的范圍。另外,應(yīng)結(jié)合物權(quán)法共有規(guī)制,從著作權(quán)自身特點出發(fā),明確規(guī)定上述兩種橫向共有性質(zhì)的認定、權(quán)利行使規(guī)則以及收益分配模式。對于縱向共有的難題,首先,配套的著作權(quán)集體管理體制將是一個合理的解決路徑。另外,對于影視作品,從著作權(quán)法的基本精神出發(fā),應(yīng)當以法律的規(guī)定明確其為演繹作品的一種特殊形式。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the increasing demand for knowledge products, the forms of works become more and more abundant. The scope of the object of copyright is expanding day by day. The form of intellectual achievement based on the combination of multiple subjects has gradually replaced the form of individual intellectual achievement as the main object of copyright. According to the different dimensions of common ownership, copyright sharing can be divided into two types: horizontal co-ownership and vertical co-ownership. According to the different modes of co-ownership, co-ownership can be divided into two types: one is the basis. Shared by a joint creation of a factual act, Mainly referring to the co-ownership of a cooperative work; second, based on the joint ownership resulting from the subsequent acquisition, mainly referring to the partial transfer or licensing of copyright, The mutual relationship between the acceptor and the original copyright owner. Vertical co-ownership is a new work based on the second creation of the work, and multiple copyrights formed with the original work, including mainly based on deductive behavior. The common form of multiple copyrights formed by the acts of compilation and film and television creation. The weakness of the theory of copyright sharing and the imperfection of the system make the common copyright face many difficulties in practice. The main problems are as follows: first, the definition of cooperative works; second, the problem of joint creation based on co-creation and the nature of co-ownership arising from subsequent acquisition, as well as the problem of the exercise of the two kinds of joint rights and the distribution of proceeds; The dilemma of vertical co-ownership in practice lies in: first, based on how many copyrights are produced by deductive, compilation and film creation, each "hind hand" user needs to go through the consent of all the "forehand" copyright owners when seeking copyright permission. And any "forehand" right holder who refuses the license will cause the whole license chain to break, which will waste a lot of time and energy of the copyright user, and greatly dampen the enthusiasm of the user and reduce the efficiency of the copyright transaction. It hinders the dissemination of cultural works. Second, the provisions of China's copyright law on film and television works are contrary to the basic spirit of copyright law and inconsistent with the relevant provisions of the Berne Convention. System perfection is the key. For horizontal joint ownership, we should make great efforts to perfect the legal regulation of mutual ownership. Firstly, for cooperative works, we should exclude the work that can not be separated from the scope of cooperative works. Starting from the characteristics of copyright itself, this paper clearly stipulates the identification of the above two horizontal common properties, the rules of exercise of rights and the pattern of income distribution. For the problem of vertical common ownership, first of all, The supporting collective management system of copyright will be a reasonable solution. In addition, according to the basic spirit of the copyright law, it should be clearly defined as a special form of interpretation of the works in the light of the basic spirit of the copyright law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.41

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