本文關(guān)鍵詞： 所有權(quán)保留 法律性質(zhì) 擔(dān)保權(quán)益 公示 《聯(lián)合國(guó)動(dòng)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保交易示范法》　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在融資需求極為旺盛的當(dāng)代社會(huì),擔(dān)保手段的豐富和擔(dān)保法的革新是各國(guó)共同面對(duì)的課題。動(dòng)產(chǎn)相較于不動(dòng)產(chǎn)而言,其具有種類豐富、能夠便宜獲得、易于流通和變價(jià)的特點(diǎn),故而越來(lái)越多有融資需求的當(dāng)事人將目光投向動(dòng)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保領(lǐng)域。從某種意義上來(lái)講,現(xiàn)代融資擔(dān)保制度就是以動(dòng)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保為核心的。而從世界范圍來(lái)看,動(dòng)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保交易的革新有兩種方向,修補(bǔ)式的道路和一元化的道路。不論是在哪種道路上的革新,大陸法系的非典型擔(dān)保手段都是一個(gè)重要的抓手,尤其是在大陸法系國(guó)家過(guò)往普遍面對(duì)著擔(dān)保物權(quán)種類不足,擔(dān)保立法落后于實(shí)踐這種問(wèn)題的情況下。相較于其他的非典型擔(dān)保手段,所有權(quán)保留有其獨(dú)特的制度優(yōu)勢(shì)——使有融資需求的當(dāng)事人既不用求助于他人也不用求助于它物,可徑行就標(biāo)的物實(shí)現(xiàn)擔(dān)保,這使得其成為一種使用率很高也極為重要的擔(dān)保手段。因而本文將動(dòng)產(chǎn)和所有權(quán)保留結(jié)合起來(lái)作為論題,以期對(duì)我國(guó)動(dòng)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保交易立法的革新做出一些微薄貢獻(xiàn)。動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)保留制度的研究起點(diǎn)是將所有權(quán)保留作為一種擔(dān)保手段的界定和對(duì)其法律性質(zhì)的探究。雖然學(xué)界對(duì)所有權(quán)保留已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了相當(dāng)多的研究,也有相當(dāng)豐富的產(chǎn)出,但是在這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題上并沒(méi)有形成通說(shuō),尤其是在所有權(quán)保留的定性問(wèn)題上更是眾說(shuō)紛紜。本文將在理解各種學(xué)說(shuō)的主張和內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)所有權(quán)保留定性的三種方向進(jìn)行功能和機(jī)理的比較,即所有權(quán)保留確實(shí)如其字面表達(dá)一般,以所有權(quán)作為完全物權(quán)的強(qiáng)大權(quán)能來(lái)保障債權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn),還是將所有權(quán)保留解釋歸入擔(dān)保物權(quán),抑或可以將所有權(quán)保留進(jìn)行現(xiàn)有體系外的解釋和構(gòu)造,三種不同的定性方向究竟會(huì)給所有權(quán)保留的權(quán)利分配和運(yùn)行效果帶來(lái)何種差異。通過(guò)這種比較能夠?qū)λ袡?quán)保留的法律性質(zhì)形成更深刻的認(rèn)識(shí),也只有在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上,才能對(duì)所有權(quán)保留的完善提出一些切實(shí)的見(jiàn)解。在所有權(quán)保留的完善方面,我們可以參考一些先進(jìn)的立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),尤其是動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)保留的公示問(wèn)題,有其一定的特殊性和復(fù)雜性,故本文將結(jié)合我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的動(dòng)產(chǎn)公示制度,做出努力。本文除引言和結(jié)論兩個(gè)部分以外,共分為三章。第一章為"所有權(quán)保留的界定"。這部分主要對(duì)所有權(quán)保留界定的不同學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行探討,并在此基礎(chǔ)上形成本文的見(jiàn)解。對(duì)所有權(quán)保留的界定主要圍繞著兩個(gè)方面:適用的客體類型以及適用的交易類型。在這兩方面進(jìn)行把握,即可框定所有權(quán)保留制度運(yùn)用的范疇。當(dāng)然,對(duì)該制度的界定,還需要進(jìn)一步把握制度定性。本文認(rèn)為所有權(quán)保留既可以適用于動(dòng)產(chǎn)也可以適用于不動(dòng)產(chǎn),但是旨在從動(dòng)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保交易立法的革新這個(gè)更高層次上把握,本文將討論集中在了動(dòng)產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)保留上,并以買賣交易為基礎(chǔ)關(guān)系,以期使論題更為集中。第二章為"所有權(quán)保留的法律性質(zhì)"。這部分首先梳理和抽象出了學(xué)界針對(duì)所有權(quán)保留定性的三個(gè)方向,并進(jìn)行評(píng)析。通過(guò)比較,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)往的理論學(xué)說(shuō)都將所有權(quán)保留研究的重點(diǎn)放在標(biāo)的物所有權(quán)的歸屬確定上,并以此為基點(diǎn)對(duì)當(dāng)事人之間權(quán)利分配和制度運(yùn)行效果展開(kāi)討論。但是通過(guò)從所有權(quán)保留交易的買方、賣方、第三人,以及當(dāng)事人破產(chǎn)情形下的處置,這四個(gè)角度展開(kāi)比較后,我們可以認(rèn)識(shí)到所有權(quán)保留的制度構(gòu)造的重點(diǎn)并不是標(biāo)的物所有權(quán)的歸屬,而是其作為一種擔(dān)保權(quán)益對(duì)債權(quán)人優(yōu)先受償權(quán)的保障,尤其是在動(dòng)態(tài)交易環(huán)境中。第三章為"動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)保留的完善方向"。這部分將梳理我國(guó)法律對(duì)動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)保留的規(guī)定,展示動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)保留公示的不同立法例,并觀察和分析《聯(lián)合國(guó)動(dòng)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保交易示范法》在"購(gòu)置款擔(dān)保權(quán)"公示上的做法,以期建立適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)保留公示方式,使動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)保留的制度構(gòu)造更加完善。本文認(rèn)為,對(duì)動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)保留應(yīng)該確立登記對(duì)抗的公示方式,例外地,對(duì)消費(fèi)品上的所有權(quán)保留,使其自動(dòng)地獲得對(duì)外效力。另外,鑒于我國(guó)已經(jīng)確立了動(dòng)產(chǎn)的浮動(dòng)抵押制度,因此需要設(shè)置動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)保留的超級(jí)優(yōu)先權(quán),以保障其優(yōu)先順位。
[Abstract]:On the financing demand is very strong and rich in contemporary society, the guarantee law guarantee means the reform of all countries face the problem. Compared to the real estate real estate, which has rich species, can get cheap, easy to flow and change, so there are more and more financing needs of the parties will look to move property security. In a sense, the modern financing guarantee system is to Chattel Security as the core. From the view of the world, secured transactions reform has two direction, repair roads and unified road. No matter in which on the road of innovation, the atypical continental law system guarantee means is an important starting point, especially in civil law countries generally face the past types of security problems, security legislation lags behind practice this problem. Compared with other non typical. Paul means, ownership reservation has its unique advantage to the financing needs of the parties neither help nor turn to it, can be directly on the subject matter to achieve security, which makes it a very high utilization rate is also important guarantee means the real estate and. The retention of title together as the topic, in order to make some modest contribution to China's secured transactions reform legislation. The real estate ownership retention system is the starting point of the definition of ownership reservation as a guarantee means and the legal nature of the inquiry. Although scholars on the retention of title has been considerable research also, there are plenty of output, but on these two issues is not formed through said, especially in the nature of ownership reservation is even more. In this paper Public opinions are divergent. in understanding various doctrines advocate Based on the comparison and the connotation, function and mechanism of the three kinds of qualitative direction of ownership reservation, the reservation of ownership does its literal expression, with strong power of property ownership as completely to ensure the realization of creditor's rights, or will retain ownership in real right for security or explanation, can explain and construct the existing system the ownership reservation, what differences between three different qualitative direction it will give the ownership rights allocation and operation effect. Through the comparison can form a more profound understanding of the legal nature of ownership reservation, only on this basis, to propose some practical ideas to improve the retention of title. In the perfection of ownership reservation the hand, we can refer to some advanced legislative experience, especially the real estate public ownership reservation, has its certain characteristics Particularity and complexity, so this paper will be combined with our existing real estate publicity system, make efforts. Two parts in this paper except the introduction and conclusion, is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is "the definition of ownership reservation". This part mainly discusses the definition of the retention of different academic views for the formation of ownership. The insights on this basis. The definition of the ownership reservation mainly around two aspects: for the object type and transaction type is used. To grasp these two aspects, can frame the ownership reservation system using category. Of course, the definition of the system, also need to further grasp the qualitative system. This paper thinks the ownership reservation can be applied to the real estate can also be applied to real estate, but to grasp the movable property secured transactions reform legislation in the higher level, this paper will discuss on all rights reserved. On the basis, and to trade relations, in order to make the theory more concentrated. The second chapter is "the legal nature of ownership reservation. This part first summarizes and abstracts the academic circles for the three direction qualitative of ownership reservation, and evaluation. Through the comparison, we can find that the theory of the past will the ownership reservation focus identified in the subject matter of the ownership, and on the basis of discussion between the parties rights allocation and operation of the system. But by keeping the trading effect from the ownership of the buyer, the seller, third people, as well as the bankruptcy case disposal, the four aspects of comparison, we can realize that the system structure of ownership reservation is not the focus of the subject matter of the ownership, but as a kind of guarantee the rights and interests of creditors of the priority of protection, especially in dynamic Easy environment. The third chapter is "the real estate ownership'sretention perfect direction". This part will sort out the law of our country real estate provisions of title retention, display real estate ownership'sretention publicity of the different legislation, and to observe and analyze the "UN Model Law on secured transactions" in the "purchase money security right" the public practice, in order to establish the appropriate real estate ownership'sretention of publicity, the real estate ownership retention system structure more perfect. This paper argues that the real estate ownership reservation should establish registration against the public way, exception, retain ownership of consumer goods, which automatically obtain external validity. In addition, in view of the fact that China has established the chattel floating mortgage system, therefore need to set the real estate ownership'sretention super priority, in order to protect the priority.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.2

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