本文關鍵詞： 冷凍胚胎 法律屬性 繼承　出處：《西南政法大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：當今由于受各種因素的影響,許多夫婦難以自然受孕。此時,體外受精—胚胎移植技術應運而生打破了人類的生育繁衍規(guī)律,一方面給眾多不孕夫婦帶來福音滿足了他們?yōu)槿烁改傅男脑?另一方面因在該技術實施過程中夫妻關系可能會發(fā)生難以預料的變故,此時,遺留下來的冷凍胚胎就成為糾紛產生的根源。如何合理解決人類冷凍胚胎帶來的諸多法律問題,成為我們必將面對的難題。世界上許多國家也對此進行了研究與規(guī)定。我國首例人類冷凍胚胎繼承糾紛案例——“江蘇宜興冷凍胚胎繼承糾紛一案”作為該問題的典型代表,其中一個最為核心的問題就是如何準確的認定冷凍胚胎的法律屬性,本文也將以此案例作為切入點,在分析相關法律規(guī)范、制度、案例的基礎上,對人類冷凍胚胎的法律屬性的界定以及相關繼承問題展開分析與討論。文章總共分為四個部分,首先,文章的開篇通過對“江蘇宜興冷凍胚胎繼承糾紛一案”的簡要介紹,揭示出案例所反映的主要問題,即人類冷凍胚胎的法律屬性到底為何?冷凍胚胎能否成為繼承的標的?在夫妻雙方均已死亡的情況下,誰有權決定涉案的冷凍胚胎該如何處置?隨后,文章的第二部分針對人類冷凍胚胎的法律屬性到底為何這一問題從兩個方面展開,其一介紹了當前世界上主流的三大學說,分別為“主體說”、“客體說”、“中介說”,這三大學說盡管主張各異,但是在不同國家和地區(qū)的立法、司法實踐中均有所體現(xiàn),文章也選取了一些有代表性的司法案例對此加以充分說明,其二文章又從理論研究、立法、司法實踐三個角度介紹了我國國內對此問題的研究現(xiàn)狀。緊接著,文章的第三部分,通過對前述三大主流學說的評析,得知“主體說”、“客體說”這兩種學說各自在一定程度上存在著不合理性,而“中介說”把人類冷凍胚胎的法律屬性認定為“非人非物”的中介實體既是依據(jù)人類冷凍胚胎的自身特性做出的合理認定,同時這一認定又符合了我國當前的基本國情、制度政策、倫理觀念,也滿足了醫(yī)學研究的需要,據(jù)此認為采納“中介說”較為合理。最后,文章的第四部分著重分析了冷凍胚胎能否成為繼承的標的?以及在夫妻雙方均已死亡的情況下,誰有權決定涉案的冷凍胚胎該如何處置?結合目前我國《繼承法》的現(xiàn)有規(guī)定,認為不宜將不孕夫妻二人死亡后遺留的冷凍胚胎作為遺產來繼承,并且認為不孕夫妻的繼承人通常是雙方的父母在合乎現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定的情況下,有權決定如何來處置這些遺留的剩余冷凍胚胎。筆者通過對上述問題的一一解答,借以希望能夠為實踐中人類冷凍胚胎的相關問題的解決有所幫助。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, due to the influence of various factors, it is difficult for many couples to conceive naturally. At this time, the technology of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer has broken the rule of human reproduction and reproduction. On the one hand to many infertile couples bring good news to their parents wish, on the other hand, because the implementation of the technology in the process of couples may have unexpected changes, at this time. The remaining frozen embryos have become the root of the dispute. How to solve the legal problems caused by human frozen embryos reasonably. It has been studied and regulated by many countries in the world. The first case of human frozen embryo succession dispute in China "the dispute of frozen embryo succession in Yixing, Jiangsu Province" As a typical example of the problem. One of the core issues is how to accurately identify the legal attributes of frozen embryos, this paper will also take this case as a starting point, in the analysis of relevant legal norms, systems, cases on the basis of. The definition of legal attributes of human frozen embryos and related inheritance issues are analyzed and discussed. The article is divided into four parts: first. Through a brief introduction to the dispute over the succession of frozen embryos in Yixing, Jiangsu Province, the paper reveals the main problems reflected in the case, that is, what are the legal attributes of human frozen embryos? Can frozen embryos be the object of inheritance? Who has the right to decide what to do with the frozen embryos involved in the case where both spouses are dead? Then, the second part of the article focuses on the legal attributes of human frozen embryos from two aspects, one is the introduction of the current mainstream of the world's three universities, respectively, as "subject theory." "object theory", "intermediary theory", although the three theories advocate different, but in different countries and regions in the legislation, judicial practice are reflected. This article also selected some representative judicial cases to give a full explanation, the second article from the theoretical research, legislation, judicial practice of three angles to introduce the domestic research on this issue. In the third part of the article, through the analysis of the three main theories mentioned above, we know that there are some irrationality in each of the two theories: the subject theory and the object theory. "intermediary theory" regards the legal attribute of human frozen embryos as "non-human and non-material", which is a reasonable confirmation based on the characteristics of human frozen embryos. At the same time, this confirmation accords with our country's current basic national conditions, system policies, ethical concepts, and also meets the needs of medical research, according to which the adoption of "intermediary theory" is more reasonable. Finally. In the 4th part of the article, we focus on the analysis of whether frozen embryos can be the object of inheritance. And in the event that both spouses have died, who has the right to decide what to do with the frozen embryos involved? Combined with the existing provisions of the inheritance Law of our country, it is not appropriate to inherit the frozen embryos left after the death of two infertile couples. And it is believed that the heirs of infertile couples are usually the parents of both parties who have the right to decide how to dispose of the remaining frozen embryos in accordance with the existing law. It is hoped that it will be helpful to solve the problems related to human frozen embryos in practice.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.5

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