本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國(guó)成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的法律完善　出處：《寧波大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 成年人監(jiān)護(hù) 立法理念 制度革新 監(jiān)護(hù)監(jiān)督

【摘要】：當(dāng)今社會(huì)發(fā)展迅速,人民的生活水平不斷提高,伴隨而來(lái)的是,老年人口數(shù)量快速增加,智力障礙者和身體殘障者越來(lái)越多,就此產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)問(wèn)題層出不窮。我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度并沒(méi)有有效地保護(hù)以上人群的合法權(quán)益,已經(jīng)不能滿足社會(huì)快速發(fā)展的需求。因此,研究我國(guó)成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的現(xiàn)狀問(wèn)題,根據(jù)各國(guó)解決類似問(wèn)題的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),并提出有關(guān)解決我國(guó)成年人監(jiān)護(hù)的理論與實(shí)踐體系十分必要。本文使用定性研究法,通過(guò)分析我國(guó)成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的立法現(xiàn)狀,總結(jié)出我國(guó)成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的缺陷和不足。同時(shí),在詳細(xì)解讀大陸法系以及英美法系國(guó)家在成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度方面的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)之后,根據(jù)我國(guó)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)和立法狀況,提出改革完善符合我國(guó)國(guó)情的成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的法律構(gòu)想。根據(jù)提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的思路,本文主要從四個(gè)部分進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。第一部分主要從立法體例、立法內(nèi)容方面,闡述了我國(guó)現(xiàn)行成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的立法現(xiàn)狀,包括監(jiān)護(hù)人選定范圍與順序、監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)與任職資格、監(jiān)護(hù)的確認(rèn)方式、監(jiān)護(hù)的法律責(zé)任及其變更等內(nèi)容。第二部分詳細(xì)剖析了我國(guó)現(xiàn)行成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的立法缺陷,首先表現(xiàn)為,立法理念相對(duì)滯后,不能滿足我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段對(duì)成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的社會(huì)需求;其次,我國(guó)成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的規(guī)定主要體現(xiàn)在《民法通則》及《意見(jiàn)》中,這種立法體例不盡科學(xué),立法內(nèi)容也不盡完善。第三部分主要考察了法國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本等大陸法系國(guó)家對(duì)成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的規(guī)定,以及英國(guó)、美國(guó)等英美法系國(guó)家有關(guān)成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的規(guī)定,通過(guò)比較分析法,多角度分析了兩大法系成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及兩者之間的不同與共同之處。第四部分主要根據(jù)我國(guó)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)以及立法現(xiàn)狀,提出了改進(jìn)我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度的想法與建議。從立法理念上吸收維護(hù)被監(jiān)護(hù)人生活正常化和尊重自我決定權(quán)的科學(xué)理念;堅(jiān)持財(cái)產(chǎn)管理與人身照顧并舉;同時(shí)在成年人監(jiān)護(hù)社會(huì)化、公法化等方面確立現(xiàn)代成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度立法原則。在立法體例方面,借鑒國(guó)外的經(jīng)驗(yàn),將成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的納入親屬法涉及的范疇。最后,通過(guò)以下幾個(gè)方面完善我國(guó)成年監(jiān)護(hù)制度具體法律法規(guī)的內(nèi)容。將老年人群體以及其他需要法律保護(hù)的成年人群體納入成年被監(jiān)護(hù)對(duì)象范疇,拓寬我國(guó)成年人監(jiān)護(hù)制度的適用范圍;除了法定監(jiān)護(hù)、指定監(jiān)護(hù)之外,引入意定監(jiān)護(hù)制度,充分尊重被監(jiān)護(hù)對(duì)象的自主權(quán);根據(jù)行為能力的不同設(shè)置不同層次的監(jiān)護(hù)方式;加強(qiáng)對(duì)監(jiān)護(hù)人的監(jiān)督,完善監(jiān)護(hù)監(jiān)督機(jī)制;同時(shí),法律條文應(yīng)當(dāng)明確規(guī)定監(jiān)護(hù)人的權(quán)利及職責(zé)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the number of the elderly population is increasing rapidly, and the number of the mentally handicapped and the physically handicapped is increasing. The current adult guardianship system in our country has not effectively protected the legitimate rights and interests of the above groups and has not been able to meet the needs of rapid social development. It is necessary to study the current situation of the adult guardianship system in China, according to the experiences and lessons of solving similar problems in various countries, and to put forward the theoretical and practical system of solving the adult guardianship system in China. By analyzing the current legislative situation of the adult guardianship system in China, the defects and shortcomings of the adult guardianship system in China are summarized. After the detailed interpretation of the civil law system and the common law system countries in the adult guardianship system of successful experience, according to our social reality and legislative status. This paper puts forward the legal conception of reforming and perfecting the adult guardianship system in accordance with the national conditions of our country. This article mainly from four parts to elaborate in detail. The first part mainly from the legislative style, legislative content, elaborated our country current adult guardianship system legislation present situation, including guardian selection scope and order. The duty and qualification of guardianship, the confirmation of guardianship, the legal responsibility of guardianship and its changes, etc. The second part analyzes the legislative defects of the current adult guardianship system in China in detail, first of all. The concept of legislation is relatively lagging behind, which can not meet the social needs of adult guardianship system in our country at the present stage; Secondly, the provisions of the adult guardianship system in China are mainly reflected in the General principles of Civil Law and opinions. This legislative style is not scientific and the content of legislation is not perfect. The third part mainly examines France and Germany. The provisions of adult guardianship system in Japan and other civil law countries, as well as the provisions of adult guardianship system in Britain, the United States and other common law countries, are analyzed through comparative analysis. This paper analyzes the successful experience of the two legal systems and their differences and common points. Part 4th is mainly based on the social reality and the current legislative situation of our country. The author puts forward some ideas and suggestions to improve the adult guardianship system in our country, and absorbs the scientific idea of maintaining the normalization of the life of the ward and respecting the right of self-decision from the viewpoint of legislation. Adhere to the property management and personal care at the same time; At the same time in the adult guardianship socialization, public law and other aspects of the establishment of modern adult guardianship system legislative principles, in the legislative style, learn from foreign experience. Include the adult guardianship system in the scope of the kinship law. Finally. Through the following aspects to improve the content of the specific laws and regulations of the adult guardianship system in China. The elderly and other groups of adults in need of legal protection are included in the category of adult guardianship objects. Widening the scope of application of adult guardianship system in China; In addition to statutory guardianship, designated guardianship, the introduction of the system of determined guardianship, full respect for the autonomy of the object under guardianship; According to the different ability of behavior to set up different levels of guardianship; Strengthening the supervision of guardians and perfecting the supervision mechanism of guardianship; At the same time, legal provisions should specify the rights and duties of guardians.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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本文編號(hào)：1441360