本文關(guān)鍵詞：債務(wù)加入研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 債務(wù)加入 債務(wù)承擔(dān) 實(shí)務(wù)審判

【摘要】：債務(wù)加入作為普遍的一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,在法院的實(shí)務(wù)審判中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),為了明確其法律關(guān)系,我國(guó)立法理應(yīng)對(duì)此進(jìn)行明確的規(guī)定,以指導(dǎo)實(shí)務(wù)審判,定爭(zhēng)止紛。本文在歸納總結(jié)有關(guān)債務(wù)加入的大量真實(shí)案例的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合相關(guān)的理論學(xué)說,分析研究債務(wù)加入存在的問題和爭(zhēng)議,并提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。首先,本文對(duì)債務(wù)加入的概念進(jìn)行了整理和界定,厘清債務(wù)加入的基本概念是債務(wù)加入研究的前提和基礎(chǔ)。另外本文從債務(wù)加入的時(shí)間分布、地區(qū)分布、法院級(jí)別、結(jié)案方式、案由分布等方面論述了債務(wù)加入研究及立法的必要性。隨后,本文在總結(jié)歸納各方學(xué)者觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國(guó)固有的法律體系,對(duì)債務(wù)加入的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了探討,認(rèn)為債務(wù)加入是一種要因性行為。其次,本文根據(jù)債務(wù)加入的依據(jù)、債務(wù)人承擔(dān)債務(wù)的多少等因素進(jìn)行了學(xué)理上的分類。隨后本文在借鑒江蘇省高院實(shí)務(wù)審判分類的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合司法實(shí)踐的案例歸納出債務(wù)加入的四種類型,并對(duì)其構(gòu)成要件進(jìn)行了探討,本文認(rèn)為債務(wù)加入的構(gòu)成應(yīng)該具備以下三個(gè)要件,即存在合法有效的債務(wù)、債務(wù)具有可轉(zhuǎn)移性、存在債務(wù)加入的協(xié)議或債務(wù)加入人單獨(dú)承諾。復(fù)次,本文分析、研究了債務(wù)加入應(yīng)當(dāng)產(chǎn)生的法律效果。本文在借鑒學(xué)者觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)為債務(wù)加入的第三人應(yīng)同原債務(wù)人對(duì)債權(quán)人負(fù)擔(dān)不真正連帶債務(wù),且原則上第三人承擔(dān)之債務(wù)與原債務(wù)人之債務(wù)具有同一性。此外,債務(wù)加入人應(yīng)享有基于債務(wù)加入的原因關(guān)系而取得的對(duì)債權(quán)人的抗辯權(quán),以及基于債務(wù)加入而享有原債務(wù)人之抗辯權(quán)。并且,在遵從債務(wù)加入的同一性原則的基礎(chǔ)上,從債務(wù)隨主債務(wù)的轉(zhuǎn)移而轉(zhuǎn)移,即債務(wù)加入人還應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)原債務(wù)之從債務(wù),然則債務(wù)加入人卻不當(dāng)然享有原債務(wù)人的從權(quán)利。債務(wù)加入人在履行債務(wù)后享有對(duì)原債務(wù)人的追償權(quán)。再次,本文將債務(wù)加入與履行承擔(dān)、保證、免責(zé)的債務(wù)承擔(dān)進(jìn)行了甄別和界定。在結(jié)合法院實(shí)務(wù)審判案例的基礎(chǔ)上,本文認(rèn)為若當(dāng)事人之間沒有明確約定第三人的行為的性質(zhì)時(shí),并且亦未明確約定豁免原債務(wù)人之債務(wù)的情況下,宜認(rèn)定該第三人的行為應(yīng)屬于債務(wù)加入;若當(dāng)事人的意思表示中并無較為顯著或明確的保證含義時(shí),第三人的行為宜認(rèn)定為債務(wù)加入;在甄別債務(wù)加入與履行承擔(dān)時(shí),第三人的行為應(yīng)以第三人承擔(dān)債務(wù)的原因進(jìn)行判別。最后,本文對(duì)債務(wù)加入的實(shí)務(wù)審判進(jìn)行了梳理分析,分析了不同情況下第三人在借款協(xié)議等文本中簽字或蓋章時(shí)其身份的判別。同時(shí)也對(duì)“公司”這一特殊的主體進(jìn)行了探討,認(rèn)為“公司”可以作為債務(wù)加入的第三人,但其應(yīng)同擔(dān)保一樣需事先履行必要的內(nèi)部程序。本文的意義在于,在法律沒有明確規(guī)定及理論學(xué)說未有完整體系的情況下,對(duì)債務(wù)加入制度做了梳理,并結(jié)合實(shí)務(wù)審判之情況,總結(jié)歸納了債務(wù)加入的類型、構(gòu)成要件、法律效果、與相關(guān)制度的區(qū)別、實(shí)務(wù)審判中的問題,以期能夠?qū)鶆?wù)加入的立法規(guī)制和法律實(shí)踐提供提供指引。
[Abstract]:The debt to join as a common social phenomenon, often appear in the practice of the trial court, in order to clear legal relations, China's legislation should be clearly defined in this regard, to guide the practice of trial, resolving disputes. This paper summarizes a large number of real cases based on debt to join on the combination of related theory the analysis of the debt to join the existing problems and disputes, and put forward their own views. Firstly, this paper summarized and defined the concept of debt to join, to clarify the basic concepts of participation of debt is the prerequisite and basis to the study in this paper. The debt from the debt to join the time distribution, region distribution, court, case the necessity of the distribution, and other aspects of debt to join the research and legislation. Then, based on summarizing the academic viewpoints, combined with the inherent legal system in China The nature of the debt, join is discussed, that is a kind of debt to join due to sexual behavior. Secondly, according to the debt to join the basis of how much debt debtor factors of academic classification. Then this paper on the basis of the Jiangsu provincial high court trial practice classification, combined with judicial practice case summed up the four types of debt to join, and the elements discussed in this paper, believe that debt accession should meet the following three conditions, namely the existence of legitimate and effective debt, debt can be transferred into the existing debt, agreement or debt to join alone commitment. Thirdly, this paper analyses the legal effect. Study on the debt to join should be produced. Based on the viewpoints of scholars, think third people should join the debt burden on the creditors with the original debtor Gesamtschuld, and in principle Third people take the debt and the original debtor has the same. In addition, the debt to join people should enjoy and obtain the relationship based on the causes of debt to join the creditor's right of defense, defense and enjoy the original debtor based on debt to join and rights. And basic principle of identity in compliance with the added debt from the transfer of debt, with the main debt transfer, the debt should also join the original debt burden from the debt, but the debt to join the people do not enjoy the right of the original debtor from debt. Adding human recourse to the original obligor to perform the debt. Again, the debt joined with the commitment to guarantee the exemption of debt, were screened and defined. On the basis of judicial trial on the case, we think that if there is no clear agreement of third properties of human behavior between the parties, and also not clear about Set the exemption of the original obligor case, should be recognized the third human behavior should belong to adding debt; if the parties mean no obvious or explicit guarantee of meaning, Third People's behavior should be recognized as a debt to join; in screening and fulfill the debt to join the bear, third people should behave reason bear the debt to third people were identified. Finally, this paper summarizes the practice of trial debt to join, analyses the discrimination under different conditions of three people signed or stamped in the text of the agreement on identity. At the same time "company" this special subject is discussed, that the "company" as the debt to join the third people, but it should be the same as the guarantee should carry out the necessary internal procedures. The significance of this paper is not clearly defined and there is no complete theory system in law Under the conditions of debt to join the system to do the sort, and combines the practice of the trial, types, summed up the debt by adding elements, legal effect, difference and related system, trial practice problems, in order to provide guidance for debt to join the legislative regulations and legal practice.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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本文編號(hào)：1439297