本文關(guān)鍵詞：論我國(guó)個(gè)人信息權(quán)的獨(dú)立保護(hù)　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 個(gè)人信息權(quán) 隱私權(quán) 人格利益 獨(dú)立保護(hù)

【摘要】：隨著信息化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn),因個(gè)人信息具有人的尊嚴(yán)和自由價(jià)值、公共管理價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)利用等多重價(jià)值,個(gè)人信息以空前的速度和廣度被開發(fā)利用。個(gè)人信息的利用在增進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展的同時(shí),也增加了信息主體的權(quán)益受到威脅和侵害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),由此催生了個(gè)人信息保護(hù)的需要。但在我國(guó)個(gè)人信息是否具有立法保護(hù)的價(jià)值尚處于探討階段,相關(guān)立法并不完善。人類進(jìn)入信息社會(huì),個(gè)人信息與隱私有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。我國(guó)現(xiàn)行隱私權(quán)的民法保護(hù)制度,將隱私權(quán)作為一種具體人格權(quán)進(jìn)行保護(hù),所側(cè)重的是人的尊嚴(yán)和人格自由利益,這樣對(duì)個(gè)人信息保護(hù)力度較弱。在信息時(shí)代,與個(gè)人信息相關(guān)主體及利益關(guān)系變得復(fù)雜多樣,對(duì)個(gè)人信息應(yīng)采取保護(hù)與利用并重的立法政策。因此,個(gè)人信息保護(hù)面臨著法律制度上的調(diào)整,即不僅要關(guān)注對(duì)其侵害的事后救濟(jì),更應(yīng)當(dāng)注重對(duì)個(gè)人信息泄露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的事前防范及事中控制,(1)以此順應(yīng)信息社會(huì)的發(fā)展。據(jù)此,針對(duì)個(gè)人信息的民法保護(hù),從體系效應(yīng)的角度出發(fā),建議以編纂民法典為契機(jī),(2)在民法里把個(gè)人信息確立為與生命、健康、隱私等民事權(quán)利并列作為一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的具體人格權(quán)。這樣既明確了個(gè)人信息的私法屬性,同時(shí)為司法審判提供了直接的裁判依據(jù),能最大限度發(fā)揮侵權(quán)責(zé)任法的價(jià)值補(bǔ)償功能。也為未來制定單行的個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法奠定了權(quán)利基礎(chǔ)。在法律制度上,任何一種新型權(quán)利的確立、保護(hù)及其不斷的演化發(fā)展,都是人的尊嚴(yán)和自由得到進(jìn)一步尊重的表現(xiàn)。個(gè)人信息權(quán)的確立及保護(hù)也不例外。法律對(duì)個(gè)人信息權(quán)的獨(dú)立保護(hù),是法治進(jìn)一步完善的體現(xiàn),該項(xiàng)權(quán)利在與其他權(quán)益相互交織和沖突中產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展,并將繼續(xù)沿著這條矛盾沖突和協(xié)調(diào)保護(hù)的主線向前發(fā)展。本文是沿著這樣的思路展開探討的:第一部分:個(gè)人信息權(quán)與隱私權(quán)的界分。首先,界定了法律意義上的個(gè)人信息;區(qū)分了個(gè)人信息與隱私的關(guān)系,闡述了從隱私到個(gè)人信息的社會(huì)和法治變化過程,為個(gè)人信息權(quán)獨(dú)立保護(hù)提供了可能。第二部分:我國(guó)個(gè)人信息保護(hù)的問題與原因。首先,從我國(guó)頻繁發(fā)生的個(gè)人信息糾紛的司法現(xiàn)狀作為切入點(diǎn),介紹了個(gè)人信息保護(hù)的理論與司法實(shí)踐,分析了我國(guó)個(gè)人信息保護(hù)存在的問題;從類型化、體系化的視角對(duì)我國(guó)個(gè)人信息權(quán)獨(dú)立保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行歸納與分析,并闡述了隱私權(quán)保護(hù)的歷史進(jìn)程及其成就與不足。進(jìn)一步論述了現(xiàn)行法律對(duì)個(gè)人信息保護(hù)的局限性及原因,尤其是個(gè)人信息權(quán)的權(quán)利屬性不明晰,致使被侵權(quán)人的請(qǐng)求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)不明確,從而導(dǎo)致當(dāng)前法律適用的混亂。第三部分:我國(guó)個(gè)人信息權(quán)獨(dú)立保護(hù)之證成。首先結(jié)合信息社會(huì)的時(shí)代背景對(duì)個(gè)人信息的價(jià)值作了詳細(xì)的論證;針對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)頻繁發(fā)生的個(gè)人信息糾紛,論述了強(qiáng)化個(gè)人信息保護(hù)的現(xiàn)實(shí)動(dòng)因和法律確立個(gè)人信息的理論依據(jù)。從我國(guó)民事權(quán)利體系的歷史演變規(guī)律出發(fā),結(jié)合《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》在民事權(quán)利保護(hù)方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)(價(jià)值補(bǔ)償),據(jù)此,論證了在民法里確立個(gè)人信息權(quán)作為一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的具體民事權(quán)利的重要實(shí)踐意義。第四部分:域外個(gè)人信息權(quán)獨(dú)立保護(hù)之借鑒。通過比較法上個(gè)人信息獨(dú)立保護(hù)的觀察,首先,介紹了經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展理事會(huì)(OECD)和亞太經(jīng)合組織(APEC)關(guān)于個(gè)人隱私信息保護(hù)的理念和框架,毫不夸張的說,該國(guó)際組織的制度理念將全球國(guó)際化的個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法治水平,推向一個(gè)新的高度。其次,對(duì)美國(guó)個(gè)人信息保護(hù)的立法特點(diǎn)及形成原因進(jìn)行了概述。從比較法的角度著重闡述了我國(guó)香港和澳門特別行政區(qū)個(gè)人信息立法保護(hù)的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),以期為我國(guó)個(gè)人信息權(quán)獨(dú)立保護(hù)問題的最優(yōu)選擇提供有益的借鑒。第五部分:我國(guó)個(gè)人信息權(quán)獨(dú)立保護(hù)完善的建議。首先對(duì)我國(guó)不同課題組撰寫的《民法總則專家建議稿》個(gè)人信息權(quán)獨(dú)立保護(hù)闡述了自己的看法;論述了個(gè)人信息權(quán)權(quán)屬多重,價(jià)值多元,對(duì)其立法保護(hù)要結(jié)合我國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,做好對(duì)其立法的歷史影響與傳承。針對(duì)頻繁發(fā)生的個(gè)人信息糾紛,從個(gè)人信息保護(hù)的體系效應(yīng)出發(fā),從法律適用的角度提出了個(gè)人信息權(quán)的獨(dú)立保護(hù)要盡可能的具體化、類型化和體系化,建立健全個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法治,以此順應(yīng)信息社會(huì)的發(fā)展。最后,在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代和數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的大背景、大趨勢(shì)的氛圍下,針對(duì)如何協(xié)調(diào)好個(gè)人信息保護(hù)與信息合理流通的關(guān)系,提出了個(gè)人信息利益平衡的具體制度安排及建立個(gè)人信息保護(hù)的多元化法治模式的拙見,以此應(yīng)對(duì)資訊科技所帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。以期為我國(guó)個(gè)人信息保護(hù)法制的完善盡微薄之力。
[Abstract]:Along with the advancement of information, because of the personal information has human dignity and freedom value, public management and economic value using the multiple values of personal information to an unprecedented speed and breadth to be developed. The use of personal information in the promotion of social development at the same time, also increased the risk of information interests of the main threat and harm. This gave birth to the protection of personal information. But it is still in the discussion stage in our personal information protection legislation has the value of the relevant legislation is not perfect. We have entered the information society, personal information and privacy are inextricably linked. The current system of civil law protection of privacy in our country, the right to privacy as a specific personality right protection, the focus is the dignity and freedom of personality interests, such personal information protection is weak. In the information age, personal information and related subjects And the relationship of interests has become complex and diverse, take the protection and use of legislative policy and should be the personal information. Therefore, personal information protection is facing legal system adjustment, which should not only focus on the Infringement Remedy, should pay attention to control the risk of leakage of personal information and the prevention and development, (1) in order to comply with the information society. Therefore, according to the civil law protection of personal information, starting from the system effect angle, suggestions on the codification of the opportunity, (2) in the personal information for the establishment of civil law and life, health, privacy and civil rights are as an independent right of personality. This is clear the private attribute of personal information, and provides a direct basis for the administration of justice, to maximize the value of the compensation function of tort law. For the future development of specific personal information protection law established Right. Based on the legal system, the establishment of any new rights protection, and its evolution and development constantly, is human dignity and freedom further in respect of the performance. The establishment and protection of the right of personal information is no exception. The independent legal right to the protection of personal information, to further improve the rule of law is embodied, the right in the emergence and development are intertwined with other interests and conflicts in the main line, and will continue to follow this contradiction and coordination of protection forward. This is along the way to discuss: the first part: the right of personal information and privacy division. First of all, define the legal meaning of personal information; distinguish the relationship between personal information and privacy, expounds the social and legal change from the privacy of the personal information, provides the possibility for the right of personal information. The second part: the independent protection of personal information in China. Problems and reasons of protection. First, as a starting point from the judicial status of personal information disputes frequently occurring in China, introduces the theory and practice of personal information protection of justice, analyzes the existing problems of personal information protection of our country; from the perspective of the type of system, the status of personal information protection independent right in our country summarize and analysis, and expounds the history and achievements of privacy protection and shortcomings. Further discusses the current law on the protection of personal information and the limitation of reason, especially the right attribute of personal information right is not clear, the right of claim of infringement is not clear, leading to the current legal confusion third part: the right of personal information protection of the independence of our country. Firstly the value of personal information has made the detailed discussion combining information society; according to the reality of the frequent occurrence of individual Information disputes, discusses the strengthening of the protection of personal information and legal real motivation to establish the theoretical basis of personal information. From our system of civil rights of the historical evolution of the combination of "tort liability law" in the civil rights protection of the advantage (value compensation), accordingly, proof of the important practical significance in the civil law in the establishment of individual the right to information as a separate and specific civil rights. The fourth part: the right of personal information from outside the independent protection. Through observation, comparison on the independent protection of personal information of the first, introduces the economic cooperation and Development Council (OECD) and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) concept and framework of privacy information protection and it is no exaggeration to say that the idea of system of the international organizations will be the global internationalization of the personal information protection law, to a new height. Secondly, on the personal information protection legislation Formation and characteristics of reason are summarized. From the perspective of comparative law focuses on the Hongkong and Macao Special Administrative Region of the personal information legislation experience, in order to provide a useful reference for the selection of the optimal problem of independent protection of personal information right in China. The fifth part: the right of personal information protection suggestions to improve the independence of our country at the first of China's different research group wrote the "general principles of civil law expert proposal > right of personal information protection independently presented their views; discusses the personal information rights multiple, value pluralism, the legislation should combine the reality of our country, do the historical influence and inheritance of the legislation of personal information. Disputes frequently occur, starting from the system effect of the protection of personal information, from a legal point of view put forward independent protection of personal information right should be specific, and the type of system Establish and improve the protection of personal information, the rule of law, so as to conform to the development of the information society. Finally, in the background of the age of the Internet and the digital economy, the trend of the atmosphere, for how to coordinate the relationship between the protection of personal information and reasonable information circulation, put forward personal information to balance the interests of specific institutional arrangements and the establishment of personal information protection the diversification rule of opinion, brought about in order to cope with the challenges of information technology. In order to make efforts to improve the legal system of personal information protection in our country.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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