本文關(guān)鍵詞：論讓與擔(dān)保制度在我國的建立　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 讓與擔(dān)保 民間借貸 物權(quán)法定 流質(zhì)

【摘要】：從上世紀(jì)九十年代我國開始《物權(quán)法》立法時起,讓與擔(dān)保制度是否應(yīng)該被納入法律當(dāng)中就一直存有爭議,最終物權(quán)法典并沒有規(guī)定讓與擔(dān)保。最高人民法院在2015年8月6日發(fā)布了《最高人民法院關(guān)于審理民間借貸案件適用法律若干問題的規(guī)定》(以下簡稱《民間借貸規(guī)定》)。其中第24條被起草者宣揚(yáng)為讓與擔(dān)保的規(guī)定,于是讓與擔(dān)保在沉寂了七年之后又一次成為各界討論的熱點。既然讓與擔(dān)保已經(jīng)被納入了司法解釋,是否有必要將其規(guī)定在未來的民法典當(dāng)中呢?如果答案是肯定的,我們又該如何設(shè)計將來的立法呢?筆者正是基于這一假設(shè),并結(jié)合對第24條的思考,展開了我國建立讓與擔(dān)保制度這一問題的研究。本文從讓與擔(dān)保的歷史發(fā)展入手,探尋讓與擔(dān)保初始產(chǎn)生的原因和背景、應(yīng)用,讓我們對原始讓與擔(dān)保制度有個大概了解。閱讀它的歷史之后,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)讓與擔(dān)保其實是一項很古老的制度,甚至早于常聽說的抵押、質(zhì)押制度。在對全世界有廣泛影響的古羅馬法、古日耳曼法當(dāng)中均能尋得讓與擔(dān)保的蹤跡,說明它極具普遍性。讓與擔(dān)保在德日臺的發(fā)展告訴我們,世界各主要國家和地區(qū)(尤其是大陸法系國家和地區(qū))一直在為讓與擔(dān)保的應(yīng)用掃除障礙,通過判例、學(xué)說為其發(fā)展提供支持。這也說明了讓與擔(dān)保在世界范圍內(nèi)的發(fā)展趨勢,就是合法化、制度化。把握了讓與擔(dān)保的發(fā)展方向后,筆者開始對其進(jìn)行理論剖析。在讓與擔(dān)保的概念界定上,筆者提出了標(biāo)的無限制,實行可清算的主張。在讓與擔(dān)保的法律構(gòu)成上,由于擔(dān)保權(quán)構(gòu)成說完全忽略外觀形式,筆者主張采納以所有權(quán)構(gòu)成說為基礎(chǔ)的德國期待權(quán)說,這樣可以更好的平衡債權(quán)人和債務(wù)人之間的利益。理論問題廓清后,要需要解決如何建立讓與擔(dān)保制度的問題。筆者通過比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)讓與擔(dān)保比傳統(tǒng)擔(dān)保方式在標(biāo)的范圍,實現(xiàn)方式,交易成本,交易安全等方面均有突出優(yōu)勢。一項制度如果沒有現(xiàn)實需求也無法說明該項立法是必要的。筆者對融資融券和信托收據(jù)的法律構(gòu)造進(jìn)行解析,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是讓與擔(dān)保的類型化應(yīng)用,這說明讓與擔(dān)保在我國有充足的應(yīng)用空間。我國正在編纂民法典,一系列新舊法律重新整合在所難免,這使得讓與擔(dān)保的立法成本大大降低。與此同時它帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益越來越多,立法能獲得凈收益,符合成本效益原則。更值得一提的是讓與擔(dān)�？梢詭椭跽攉@得融資用以發(fā)展壯大,體現(xiàn)社會主義法律制度的溫性,增進(jìn)社會公平正義。在讓與擔(dān)保的立法可行性問題上,因當(dāng)事人的意思表示中存在法效果意思,所以讓與擔(dān)保不構(gòu)成虛偽意思表示。通過賦予債務(wù)人主張清算的權(quán)利也可以解決流質(zhì)契約的問題。由于筆者主張的期待權(quán)法律構(gòu)成說承認(rèn)債權(quán)人享有所有權(quán)而非新物權(quán),因此讓與擔(dān)保不違反物權(quán)法定原則。《民間借貸規(guī)定》第24條適用范圍極其狹隘,且與傳統(tǒng)讓與擔(dān)保概念不相符合,不能發(fā)揮普遍性調(diào)整作用,因此需要進(jìn)一步展開體系化立法規(guī)定。而且,現(xiàn)有比較法資料能夠說明成文化是讓與擔(dān)保的立法趨勢。在立法體例的選擇上,由于讓與擔(dān)保權(quán)是一種擔(dān)保物權(quán),所以不宜放在民法典的物權(quán)編。考慮到讓與擔(dān)保標(biāo)的范圍的廣泛性,也不宜采納民法典的債權(quán)編模式。最后筆者主張采用組合式立法方式。在未來的民法典中可以設(shè)專章規(guī)定各種類型擔(dān)保,明確規(guī)定可以以轉(zhuǎn)讓所有權(quán)的形式提供擔(dān)保。在信托法內(nèi)容中加入“擔(dān)保信托”,為讓與擔(dān)保提供理論支撐。同時,配合有關(guān)登記的單行法,維護(hù)公示公信原則。在讓與擔(dān)保的公示方面,筆者主張使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行電子化登記。全國聯(lián)網(wǎng)后可以實行分別登記、統(tǒng)一查詢。為防止當(dāng)事人的信息暴露,筆者主張將登記內(nèi)容精簡化、線索化。綜上,筆者主張通過理論和制度雙重保障,建立我國的讓與擔(dān)保制度,與世界接軌。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the "property law" legislation in 90s of last century, whether the transfer guarantee system should be included in the law has been controversial. In August 6, 2015, the Supreme People's Court issued the Supreme People's court's provisions on Several Issues concerning the application of law in private lending cases (hereinafter referred to as "Regulations on private lending"). Twenty-fourth of them have been drafted as the provision of transfer guarantee, so the transfer guarantee has become the hot spot of discussion in all walks of life after the silence for seven years. Since the guarantee has been included in the judicial interpretation, whether it is necessary to set pawn in the future civil code? If the answer is yes, how can we design the future legislation? The author is based on the assumption that, combined with the consideration of article twenty-fourth, launched a study of this problem the establishment of assignment the security system of china. Starting from the historical development of the transfer guarantee, we explore the causes, background and application of the initial guarantee, and let us have a general understanding of the original transfer guarantee system. After reading its history, we will find that the guarantee of transfer is a very old system, even as early as the commonly heard mortgage and pledge system. In the ancient Rome law and the ancient Germanic law, which had extensive influence on the world, it was found that it was very universal. The development of the transfer guarantee in Germany and Japan tells us that the major countries and regions in the world, especially the continental law system countries and regions, have been removing obstacles to the application of the transfer guarantee, providing support for their development through precedents and doctrines. This also shows that the development trend of transfer guarantee in the world is legalization and institutionalization. After grasping the development direction of transfer guarantee, the author began to analyze it theoretically. On the definition of the concept of transfer guarantee, the author put forward the unrestricted standard and put forward the claim that can be liquidated. As for the legal composition of the transfer guarantee, because the constitution of the right to guarantee totally ignores the appearance, I advocate adopting the German expectant right theory based on the theory of ownership formation, which can better balance the interests between creditors and debtors. After the clarification of the theoretical problems, it is necessary to solve the problem of how to establish the system of transfer guarantee. Through comparison, the author finds that the transfer guarantee has a prominent advantage in the scope, the way of realization, the transaction cost and the safety of the transaction than the traditional guarantee. If there is no real demand for a system, it is impossible to show that the legislation is necessary. The author analyzes the legal structure of margin trading and trust receipt, and finds that they are the application of the assignment guarantee, which means that the application of the transfer guarantee has enough application space in our country. In our country, the civil code is codification, and a series of new and old laws are reintegrated. This makes the cost of the legislation of transfer guarantee greatly reduced. At the same time, it has brought more and more economic benefits, and the legislation can obtain net income, which is in accordance with the principle of cost-effectiveness. It is also worth mentioning that the guarantee can help the weak to obtain financing for development, reflect the temperature of the socialist legal system, and promote social justice and justice. On the issue of the legislative feasibility of transfer guarantee, because of the meaning of the legal effect in the expression of the party's meaning, the transfer guarantee does not constitute a hypocritical meaning. By giving the debtor the right to claim liquidation, it can also solve the problem of the fluid contract. Because the legal constitution of the expectation right of the author claims that the creditor enjoys the ownership rather than the new property right, so the transfer guarantee is not in violation of the legal principle of real right. The application scope of the twenty-fourth item of private lending regulation is extremely narrow, and it is not consistent with the traditional concept of transfer guarantee, and can not play a universal role of adjustment. Therefore, we need to further expand the legislative provisions of the system. Moreover, the existing comparative law data can show that the culture is the legislative trend of transfer guarantee. In the choice of legislative style, as the transfer of security is a kind of security right, it is not suitable to be placed in the code of real right of the civil code. Considering the universality of the scope of the bid guarantee, it is not suitable to adopt the model of the compiling of the creditor's rights in the civil code. Finally, the author advocates the adoption of combined legislation. In the future civil code provisions can set various types of Guarantees specified can provide guarantees to transfer of ownership form. The "guarantee trust" is added to the content of the trust law to provide theoretical support for the transfer of guarantee. At the same time, the principle of public credit is maintained in accordance with the single law of registration. In the publicity of transfer guarantee, the author advocates the use of Internet technology for electronic registration. After the national network, the registration and the unified inquiry can be carried out separately. In order to prevent the information exposure of the parties, the author advocates the simplification and clue of the registration content. To sum up, the author advocates the establishment of our country's transfer guarantee system through the dual guarantee of theory and system, which is in line with the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D923.2

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